Production

• Benefits of Job Production

  • Usually of high quality
  • Products are made to the specific requirements of the customer
  • Higher prices can be charged
• Definition of job production


  a method of production where a product is produced that meets the specific customer requirements
• Production


  Making products in groups
• Job Production


  • Unit costs are higher than using flow production
  • Labour-intensive processes, therefore this method is less suited to the use of machinery
  • Requires skilled employees who may demand higher wage and/or ongoing training
• Disadvantages of Job Production

  • Unit costs are higher than using flow production
  • Labour-intensive processes, therefore this method is less suited to the use of machinery
  • Requires skilled employees who may demand higher wage and/or ongoing training
• What is flow production?

  The continuous movement of items through the production process
• Advantages of flow production

  -Businesses can produce on a larger scale

  -Uses less labour than job production

  -workers can specialise and become more efficient

  -production lines can operate 24/7 if necessary

  -consistent, standard quality

  -Lower unit costs than job production
• Disadvantages of flow production

  -Production can be inflexible due to the use of machinery

  -Jobs are repetitive for staff and can lower motivation

  -Initial purchase and set up costs are high

  -Breakdowns can result in downtime/inefficiencies

  -lower skilled workers required compared to job production; may result in higher labour turnover (workers leaving)

  -products may be too similar to rivals
• Benefits of specialisation (division of labour)

  -production is broken down into series of stages and individuals specialise in each one and become more efficient through repetition

  -workers become more productive and speeds up the process
• what is batch production?

  Groups of items move together through different stages of the production process
• Benefits of batch production

  -Production is on a larger scale than job production

  -unit costs likely to be lower than job production because costs can be spread across the batch

  -different batches can be altered to meet different customer needs so more flexibility than mass production
• Disadvantages of batch production

  • Less individual variety than occurs in job production
  • Each product is not tailored to an individual's customer requirements
  • It may take time and money to set up the equipment for each batch of production
  • There may be high levels of stock at each stage as the batch moves through the production process
  • Machinery will not be used very efficiently as at some stage machinery will be sitting for the batch of products to be completed at the stage before.
  • there will be downtime as the process is switched from producing one batch to another.
• What is specialisation?


  aka division of labour

  means that workers are split into separate tasks/jobs and they become an expert at it