GenSoc Intro and CH1

• Prejudice


  • An unreasonable, unfavorable attitude towards members of a particular group
• Discrimination


  • Overt negative behavior towards a person based on his/her membership in a group
• Sexism


  • Bias based on sex, indicates stereotyped beliefs particularly in women
• Stereotypes


  • Baseless assumptions about the characteristics, attributes, behaviors, mostly sociocultural beliefs
• Gender variables


  • Influenced by social variables, has little to do with biological variables (family, school, media, cultural and religious beliefs)
• Normative Conformity


  • Related to cultural and religious beliefs, engagement in discriminatory behaviors
• Forms of sexism


  • Benevolent sexism (positive but stereotype views of women)
  • Hostile sexism (negative stereotypical views towards women)
  • Ambivalent sexism (holds both hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes simultaneously)
• Mainstreaming


  Integrating gender into development planning, making it normal to our reality, a global strategy
• Development


  Sustained capacity to achieve a better life; higher life expectancy and higher quality of life - the capacity to do and the capacity to be
• Men being dominant results in development initiatives focusing on them, neglecting women, called Gender blindness
• Aims of development


  • The ability to provide for basic necessities
  • The ability to become persons with identity, dignity and self-worth
  • The ability to exercise freedom and responsibility
• Gender and Development (GAD)


  • Development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and actualization of human potentials
• Women are active agents of development, not passive
• Rationale of GAD


  1. Compliance - 5% allocation of budget for all government agencies
  2. Commitment - As signatory of CEDAW along with 179 countries

  • Development should be communal or worldwide
  • 3. Obligation - Gender and Development is an obligation of the government.
• The Philippine government has a pledge of commitment to CEDAW through the Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710)
• Pillars of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP 2017-2022)

  • Malasakit or Enhancing the social fabric
  • Pagbabago or inequality-reducing transformation
  • Patuloy na Pag-unlad or increasing growth potential
• Gender mainstreaming has been a global strategy since the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action
• Gender mainstreaming results in the Philippines

  • Better coordination among national agencies
  • Formation and capacity building of gender focal points
  • Establishment of 8 gender resource centers
  • Development of Gender Mainstreaming Resource Kit
  • Development of harmonized gender and development guidelines
  • Development of assessment tools to gauge the gender responsiveness of local government units
  • More focused gender mainstreaming in key sectoral programs
• Society


  A grouping of individuals characterized by common interests and may have distinctive culture and institutions
• Culture


  Attribute characteristics of a community, it links individuals together
• Perspectives on society


  • Evolutionary
  • Political
  • Economical
• Sex: inherited Gender:learned
• Prejudice


  An unreasonable, unfavorable attitude towards members of a particular group
• Discrimination


  Overt negative behavior towards a person based on his/her membership in a group
• Sexism


  Bias based on sex
• Gender discrimination


  Stereotyped beliefs particularly in women
• Stereotypes


  Baseless assumptions about the characteristics, attributes, behaviors (Most are sociocultural belief)
• Gender variables


  Influenced by social variables, has little to do with biological variables (Family, School, Media, Cultural and religious beliefs)
• Normative Conformity


  Related to cultural and religious beliefs, engagement in discriminatory behaviors to fit in and be accepted by their group
• Benevolent sexism


  Positive but stereotype views of women (roles as wife and mother)
• Hostile sexism


  Negative stereotypical views towards women (Women inferior to men)
• Ambivalent sexism


  Holds view of both hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes simultaneously (differentiating between "good" women and "bad" women based on how they dress)
• Mainstreaming


  Integrating gender into development planning, making it normal to our reality, a global strategy
• Development


  Sustained capacity to achieve a better life; Higher life expectancy and higher quality of life – a. The capacity to do. b. The capacity to be.
• Men being dominant results to be the focus of development initiatives, assuming it is for all which result to neglecting women called Gender blindness
• Aims of development


  • The ability to provide for basic necessities
  • The ability to become persons with identity, dignity and self-worth
  • The ability to exercise freedom and responsibility
• GAD


  The development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering, Equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination and actualization of human potentials
• Women as active agents of development and not passive
• Rationale of GAD


  • Compliance – 5% allocation of budget for all government agencies
  • Commitment – As signatory of Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) Along with 179 countries
  • Developed countries have commitment to underdeveloped and developing countries through the development goals or plan
  • Development should be communal or worldwide
• 1987, Constitution of the Philippines, Article 2, Section 14 - States that the State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote the fundamental equality before the law of women and men