Chapter 28

• Condition of being without oxygen?

  anoxia
• decreased level of oxygen in the bloodsteam?

  hypoxemia
• hypoxemia leads to?

  hypoxia
• increased level of CO2 in the bloodstream?

  hypercapnia
• most common cause of respiratory insufficiency?

  airway obstruction
• airway obstruction is easily reversed with?

  positioning, suctioning
• through breathing, we take in air that contains __ % O2?

  21
• the onset of hypoxemia may be __ & __ or __ & __?

  rapid, obvious, insidious, gradual
• __ cells can not withstand deprivation of oxygen & very quickly show the effects of hypoxia?

  brain
• areas of __ are most rapidly affected w/ hypoxia?

  memory, judgement, intullect
• (3) organs most suseptible to hypoxia?

  brain, retina, heart
• less oxygen in the bloodstream leads to?

  respiratory acidosis
• hypoxia is treated by administering?

  oxygen
• what is a valuable tool for determining degree and poss cause of hypoxia?

  ABG
• patients suffering from hypoxia are highly susecptible to ?

  respiratory infections
• what allows allows immediate evaluation of the patient’s response to treatment for hypoxia?

  pulse ox
• pulse oximetry may not be accurate if the patient has had recent?

  IV dye, jaundice
• what part of the pulse ox registers light passing through the vascular bed?

  photodetector
• what part of the pulse ox determines oxygen saturation from the data received?

  micropressor
• pulse ox is most accurate when there is no __ or __ on the patient?

  direct sunlight, fluroscent light
• normal SPO2 reading?

  90%
• SPO2 should be placed in an area that is free of __ & has good __?

  moisture, circulation
• remove what 2 things if the pt is using fingertip sensor for SPO2?

  dark nailpolish, artifical nails
• how long is required for stabilization of pulse ox recording?

  10 sec-2 min
• how often do you note & record pulse ox?

  every hour
• rotate SP02 sites every?

  4 hours
• disposable sp02 probes are discarded every?

  24h
• oxygen levels may be increased or decreaed according to?

  SP02 levels
• Check the oximeter’s calibration per manufacturer’s directions at least once?


  a day
• for D/C pulse ox machine record?

  time D/C, final pulse ox
• another way to measure oxygenation is through this invasive procedure usually done in CCU?

  oxygen saturation
• The simplest method of clearing the air passages is to?

  cough effectivley
• two standard measures used to clear secretions and prevent hypoxia?

  deep breathing, cough
• ___ increases oxygenation, opens alveoli, and may precipitate coughing?

  deep breathing
• ___ additional hypoxia, lead to the rupture of alveoli, or even precipitate the collapse of air passages.??

  ineffective coughing spasms
• forceful exhalation is more effective in what position?

  sitting
• what entails two deep breaths, inhales deeply again, then rapidly, and forcefully exhales with their mouth open?

  forceful exhalation
• __ can bring the secretions upward to a point where they can be more easily coughed up?

  repeated forceful exhalation
• what is the first step when preforming hemlich on concious person?

  ask if they can speak
• where do you place the hands when preforming hemlich?

  slightly above umbilicus, below sternum, thumb inward