CRSC 105 FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE

• CLASS - It refers to the major taxonomic rank below the phylum (or division) and above the order
• FAMILY - It refers to a taxonomic group of one or more genera, especially sharing a common attribute
• GENUS - It refers to a class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species
• GROWTH HABITS - It refers to the characteristic shape, appearance, or growth form of a plant species
• HABITAT - It refers to the natural home or environment of a plant, which may be influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors
• LIFE CYCLE - It refers to the sequence of stages a plant goes through from seed germination to seed production of the mature plant
• LIFE SPAN - It refers to the length of time from the beginning of development to the death of a plant
• ORDER - It refers to A taxonomic rank used in classifying organisms, generally below the class, and comprised of families sharing a set of similar nature
• PHYLUM - It refers to the level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of it
• SPECIES - It refers to a class of plants or animals whose members have the same main characteristics and are able to breed with each other
• VARIETY - It refers to a taxonomic rank below that of species. A plant grouping, within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, defined by the reproducible expression of its distinguishing and other genetic characteristics
• TAXONOMY - It is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming organisms
• CARL LINNAEUS - He was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms, naming him as the “Father of Modern Taxonomy
• BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE - It is the modern system of naming organisms
• Carl Linnaeus' system classified plants based on what aspect?

  sexual reproductive parts
• All organisms were given two names, these are?

  genus and specific epithet
• KINGDOM - It is the broadest division of organisms
• KINGDOM PLANTAE - These are multicellular, have complex cell walls, are primarily immotile, and make their own food
• Plantae is made up of four phyla, namely?

  Angionspermophyta Coniferophyta Filicinophta Bryophyta
• ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA - It has vascularization. Have leaves, roots, and stems (individual species may be highly variable in structure). Reproduce by seeds produced in ovules within flowers (seeds may develop in fruits) Examples include all flowering plants and grasses
• CONIFEROPHYTA - They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs. Examples are pine trees, ginkgo, and cycads
• FILICINOPHYTA - A phylum mainly composed of terrestrial vascular plants such as ferns. Ferns are perennial plants bearing large conspicuous leaves usually arising from either a rhizome or a short erect stem. Bracken is a common example. There is a characteristic uncurling of the young leaves as they expand into the adult form. Reproduction is by means of spores borne on the underside of specialized leaves (sporophylls)
• BRYOPHYTA - It is the informal group name for mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They are non-vascular plants, which means they have no roots or vascular tissue, but instead absorb water and nutrients from the air through their surface (e.g., their leaves).
• PLANT DIVISION - It classify plants based on whether they reproduce by spores or seeds
• Seed-bearing plants are divided into?

  Angiosperm and Gymnosperm
• GYMNOSPERMS - These are nonflowering plants that produce naked seeds. Cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers, such as pines and spruce, are examples of these
• ANGIOSPERMS - These are flowering plants that have their seeds enclosed in a fruit
• MONOCOTYLEDONS - It include grasses, lilies, and orchids. Distinctive characteristics include one seed leaf, a vascular system in paired bundles throughout the stem, floral parts in multiples of three, and parallel leaf veins.
• DICOTYLEDONS - Have distinctive characteristics including two seed leaves, vascular systems arranged in continuous rings around the inside of the stem, floral parts in multiples of four or five, and netted leaf venation
• Names for plant order usually end in?

  ales
• Plants in the same family have similar flower, fruit, and seed structures. Most families in the plant kingdom are what?

  angiosperms
• The three largest plant families are?

  Asteraceae (24,000) Orchidaceae (20,000) Fabaceae (18,000)
• Family names always end in?

  Aceae
• SPECIES - It is the name of a specific plant, it is where the genus and specific epithet are combined
• VARIETY - It is used to subdivide a species and is written as the third name in a species designation.
• SUBSPECIES - It is sometimes used instead of variety, but the distinction between these terms is not always clear. It may be used when a plant is geographically isolated.
• CULTIVARS - designates a cultivated variety. Botanical varieties are naturally occurring; While these are purposely bred and propagated. Derived from the term "cultivated variety"
• HYBRID - These are typically crossed between two varieties, species, or two distinct parent lines
• AUTHORITY - It is used in some references to indicate the first person who described the species
• COMMON NAME - These are usually used in different regions to identify completely different plants. In most cases, It is referred to as English Name or in different languages, Local Name