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Natural Science (GRADE 9)
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Chemistry
188 cards
Cards (358)
Cell
Fundamental structural unit
of organisms
Cells
Provide a
structure
for the body
Assist in the
growth
of organisms by
dividing
themselves
Take
nutrients
from food and convert them into
energy
Cells are too small to see with a
naked eye
and can only be seen through a
microscope
(microscopic)
Parts of the cell
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
A
thin semipermeable
layer of
protein
and fat that surrounds the cell
Cell wall
An organelle made of
cellulose
and only found in
plant
cells
Cell wall
Protects the cell
organelles
Gives the cell
strength
and structure or
shape
Cytoplasm
The
gel-like
appearance mainly composed of
water
with enzymes, salts, organelles and organic molecules
Cytoplasm
Houses
the cell's
organelles
Gives
shape
to the
cell
Supports biochemical reactions
like
respiration
Nucleus
An organelle that is enclosed by a
membrane
and found in most cells except bacteria and
blue green algae
(found in eukaryotic cells)
Nucleus
Contains the
DNA
or carries the
genes
of the organism
Controls and
regulates
the activities in the cell, e.g. growth and
metabolism
Mitochondria
An organelle with a round to
oval
shape
Mitochondria
Generates
energy
for the activities of the cell or
release
energy from food
Vacuole
An organelle in the cell filled with
cell sap
Vacuole
Stores
water
, food and
metabolic
waste
Chloroplast
A cell organelle found in plants,
algae
and cyanobacteria and more concentrated in the leaves, with a high concentration of
chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll which absorbs
light energy
for
photosynthesis
Produce
energy
for the cell through
photosynthesis
Differences between a plant and animal cells
Plant cell has
chloroplast
, vacuole,
cell wall
Animal cell has
no chloroplast
, small or no vacuole,
no cell wall
Cells
Different
sizes
and
shapes
Specialized
in their functions
Combine
and
work
together to form a tissue
Tissues
form an
organ
Organs
work together to form a
system
Systems
work together to form an
organism
Stem cells
Special human
cells
from which all other specialized
cells
are generated
Stem cells
Can develop into
different
types of
cells
Can
renew
themselves or multiply /
divide
Are not
specialized
A
cell
is a basic unit of all
organisms
which means all organisms are made up of cells
Microscopic
Can be seen with the help of a
microscope
Nucleus
Acts like the
brain
of the cell or
coordinates
the activities of the cell
Contains the
DNA
or holds a
genetic
code of the organism
The
nucleus
can only be found in
eukaryotic
cells and not prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic
cells have a defined nucleus while
prokaryotic
cells do not have a defined nucleus
Natural Sciences Grade
9
Notes
23/Jan/2023
If an organism has no
nucleus
it means the
DNA
is floating around the cell in the nucleoid
Mitochondrion
Where
respiration
takes place
Cell membrane
Plasma
membrane
Cell membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Chloroplast
Where
photosynthesis
takes place
Cell wall
The
protective structure
of the cell which
strengthens
the cell and gives it structure or shape
Cell wall
Gives the cell
shape
Makes the cell
rigid
Unicellular organisms
Organisms consisting of
one cell
Differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cell has
chloroplast
, vacuole,
cell wall
Animal cell has
no chloroplast
, small or no vacuole,
no cell wall
Cells have different
sizes
and shapes depending on the type of
plant
Tissue, organ and system
1.
Cells
combine and work together form a
tissue
2.
Tissues
form an
organ
3.
Organs
work together to form a
system
Stem cells
Can develop into different specialized cells such as
brain
, skin,
muscle
etc.
Can
renew
themselves or multiply /
divide
Are not
specialized
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