The Cell Part 3

• Vesicles: spherical-shaped membrane-bound sacs that contain various types of materials to be transported through the cell.
• What do you call the transport cellular material?

  Vesicle
• Lysosome: Spherical- shaped membrane-bound organelles formed from the GOLGI APPARATUS
• What type of enzyme does LYSOSOME has?

  Digestive enzyme
• What organelle digests MICROBES or Materials?

  Lysosome
• Lysosomes can be visualized by what type of microscope and by using what stain?

  Light microscope with TOLUIDINE BLUE
• Peroxisomes: Smaller, spherical-shaped membrane-bound organelles formed from the ER or through FISSION
• What type of enzyme does PEROXISOMES has?

  Oxidative enzymes
• What organelle detoxifies specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken Into the cell?

  Peroxisome
• Peroxisomes engage in what?

  Beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA
• Mitochondria: Double membrane-bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA
• Mitochondria synthesize most ATP during AEROBIC cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules (e.g. GLUCOSE) in the presence of OXYGEN.
• Where does glycolysis takes place?

  Cytoplasm
• Where does the KREBS CYCLE takes place?

  Mitochondrial matrirx
• Ribosomes composed of both what?

  Proteins and ribosomal RNA
• Ribosomes engage in what synthesis?

  Protein synthesis
• Which type of ribosomes produce PROTEINS that are secreted and incorporated into plasma membrane and within RIBOSOMES?

  Bound ribosomes
• Which type of ribosome produce proteins within the cell?

  Free ribosomes
• Cytoskeleton: Organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules, Including microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
• What organelle maintains intracellular structural support and organization of cells; participates in cell division: facilitates movement?

  Cytoskeleton
• Microtubules: Heterodimers of aB-tubulin
• Intermediate filaments: Antiparallel tetramers of 2 rod-like dimers
• Microfilaments: 2 intertwined filaments of F-actin
• Microtubules: Hollow tube with a wall of 13 parallel protofilaments
• Intermediate filaments: ARRAYED throughout cytoplasm: at DESMOSOMES; inside nuclear envelop
• Microtubules: MAINTAIN cell's shape and POLARITY; provides tracks for organelle and chromosome movements as well as move CILIA and FLAGELLA
• Microfilaments: G-actin monomers
• Intermediate filaments: Cable of 4 intertwined PROTOFIBRILS, each consisting of bundled TETRAMERS associated end to end
• Microtubules: RADIATING through cytoplasm from concentration at CENTROSOMES; AXONEMES
• Microfilaments: Concentrated BENEATH cell membrane and in cell extensions like MICROVILLI
• Microfilaments: CONTRACT and MOVE CELLS; CHANGE cell shape; cytokinesis, cytoplasmic transport and streaming
• Intermediate filaments: strengthen cell and tissue structure maintain cell shape and maintain NUCLEAR shape (lamins)
• Centrosome: AMORPHOUS region ADJACENT to nucleus
• Centrosome contains what?


  a pair of centrioles
• Centrosome organizes what?

  Microtubule
• Centrosome: participates in MITOTIC SPINDLE formation during cell division
• Proteasomes: Large, barrel-shaped protein complexes located in both the cytosol and nucleus
• Proteasomes degrade and digest what?

  damaged and unneeded proteins
• Proteasomes: ensure quality of exported proteins
• Inclusions: Aggregates of specific types of molecules (eg, melanin protein, glycogen, or lipid)