The Cell

• Cell: fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
• Plasma membrane: forms a selectively permeable boundary of the cell
• Components of the phospholipid bilayer?

  Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
• Plasma membrane: Acts as a physical barrier to enclose cell contents and regulates material movement into and out of the cell
• Plasma membrane establishes and maintains a what across the plasma membrane?

  electrical charge
• Plasma membrane: functions in CELL COMMUNICATION
• In the plasma membrane, some of the outer layer’s lipids, known as GLYCOLIPIDS, include OLIGOSACCHARIDE chains that extend outward from the cell surface and contribute to a delicate cell surface coating called the GLYCOCALYX
• Glycocalyx: A layer of carbohydrates on the surface of a cell
• Cilia: SHORT NUMEROUS membrane extensions which occur on EXPOSED membranes of some cells.
• Cilia is supported by what?

  Microtubules
• Cilia: move substances over the cell surface
• Flagellum: LONG, singular membrane extension
• Flagellum is supported by what?

  Microtubules
• Flagellum is present in what?

  Sperm cells
• Flagellum: propels sperm
• Microvilli: numerous THIN membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface
• Microvilli are supported by what?

  Microfilaments
• Microvilli: Increase membrane surface area for greater absorption