Practice

• Ankylosing Spondylitis


  • Chronic lower back pain and stiffness, worse in morning or after inactivity
  • Pain and stiffness in hips, shoulders, and other joints, especially in advanced stages
  • Reduced flexibility and range of motion in spine and affected joints
  • Fatigue and general discomfort, especially during flare-ups
  • Fusion of the spine (ankylosis) leading to stooped posture and limited mobility in severe cases
• Fibromyalgia


  • Widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness, often described as aching, burning, or throbbing
  • Fatigue, sleep disturbances (such as insomnia or non-restorative sleep), and cognitive difficulties (fibro fog) affecting memory and concentration
  • Hypersensitivity to touch, pressure, temperature changes, and noise
  • Stiffness, especially in the morning or after prolonged periods of rest
  • Headaches, irritable bowel symptoms, and mood disturbances (anxiety, depression)
• Gout


  • Sudden and intense joint pain, typically affecting the big toe (podagra), but can also occur in the ankles, knees, wrists, and fingers
  • Swelling, redness, warmth, and tenderness in the affected joint
  • Limited range of motion due to pain and inflammation
  • Recurrent episodes of acute gouty arthritis, often triggered by factors like diet (high purine foods), alcohol consumption, and certain medications
  • Chronic gout can lead to joint damage and deformities over time
• Muscular Dystrophy (MD)


  • Progressive muscle weakness and wasting, usually beginning in childhood or adolescence
  • Difficulty with motor skills, such as walking, running, climbing stairs, and lifting objects
  • Muscle cramps, stiffness, and contractures (tightening of muscles and tendons) leading to joint stiffness and limited mobility
  • Respiratory muscle weakness in some types of MD, causing breathing difficulties and respiratory infections
  • Delayed motor milestones in infants and children with MD
• Osteoarthritis (OA)


  • Joint pain, particularly after activity or at the end of the day, and worsens with use
  • Stiffness in the affected joint, especially in the morning or after periods of rest
  • Swelling, tenderness, and warmth around the joint
  • Decreased range of motion and joint flexibility
  • Formation of bone spurs (osteophytes) and joint deformities over time
• During interphase the cell prepares by duplicating the organelles and the size of the cell grows in preparation for division.
• Progressive steps of cell malignancy

  1. initiation

  2. promotion

  3. progression

  4. angiogenesis

  5. evasion

  6. metastasis