1.3 biology

• Double stranded helix


  The term to describes the structure of DNA
• Adenine


  Base that is complimentary to thymine
• Thymine


  Base that is complementary to adenine
• Cytosine


  Base that is complementary to guanine
• Guanine


  Base that is complementary to cytosine
• Complementary base pairs


  • The shape of the bases fits exactly to their pair i.e. adenosine– thymine and cytosine – guanine
• Gene


  A small section of DNA which codes for the production of a specific protein
• mRNA


  A molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA (in the nucleus) to a ribosome
• Ribosome


  The site of protein synthesis
• Bases


  • Adenine
  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
• Amino acids


  A building block of a protein molecule
• Stage 1 - In the nucleus


  mRNA makes a copy of the base sequence on the DNA, then travels to a ribosome
• Stage 2 - In the ribosome


  The copied base sequence is used to join the correct amino acids together to form a chain. This is a protein