PPQ 2018

• 1. old boys joined the army and spread the games throughout the British empire. old boys became politicians who were based abroad and took their games with them.
• 2. provide specialist facilities for elite sport. provide specialist coaching. provide high levels of competition.
• 3. technology allow more people to have access to facilities, e.g wheelchair ramps. Allows more sport to be played in all weather conditions, e.g floodlights and artificial 3G pitches.
• 4. frustration with the result / alcohol and drugs / rivalries
• 5. lower class had long working hours / no free time to participate in sport. upper class had lots of free time to participate in long lasting activities such as fox hunting.
• 6. used to promote ideology = Berlin 1936

  used to raise awareness of human rights = Mexico city 1968
• 7. media coverage worldwide on many social platforms, e.g World Cup football. freedom of movement of players, e.g Spanish footballers playing in the English premier league. International fixtures during midweek, e.g champions league. Team travel abroad to compete in European fixtures by cheap air travel. Sport has become a worldwide marketplace.
• 8. pre-industrial Britain had unwritten rules / violent sport, e.g blood sports. Tend to be no coaching and were played locally because of lack of transport. 19th Public school had written rules / formalised rules and were less violent because sportsmanship was emphasised. Used equipment and facilities. Traveled to fixtures via train instead of playing locally.
• 9. inter house competitions provide opportunities for pupils to compete. After school clubs widen participation chances. compulsory PE / part of national curriculum. PE exams at GCSE and A level. Links with external clubs for pupils to participate in sport outside of school.
• 10. increased revenue for football clubs from increased media coverage. Increased wages and transfer fees/ increase funding for grassroots development. increased standard of play / less revenue for smaller clubs from increased media coverage. Prices of ticket increase / standard of play increases which is more enjoyable for spectators.
• 11. increased chance of match fixing and bribery. can develop gambling problems which can lead to addiction. provide negative role modelling because sport encourages betting in society. easier access to online gambling apps.
• 12. help officials make more accurate decisions. incorrect decisions can be turned over. improved detection of foul play and increase safety. athletes taking PEDs to improve performance which make it unfair for competitors. minority sports cannot afford technology.
• 13. allocating financial support for identified elite athletes. development of clubs and competitions. provide access to facilities and high level coaching. e.g biomechanics / physiotherapy / medical support to reduce risk of injury.
• 14. women seen as the 'weaker sex' in society. cycling was not 'dangerous' or 'too strenuous' so fitted the socials image of women in past time. women could wear modest clothes when cycling. women in past time, roles were to stay at home and look after the children, therefore limiting participation in sport.