supplementary notes

• Michelangelo


  Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance
• Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo
• Michelangelo


  • His creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal Renaissance man
  • He is one of the best-documented artists of the 16th century due to the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences
  • He was lauded by contemporary biographers as the most accomplished artist of his era
  • He achieved fame early, with two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, sculpted before the age of thirty
  • Although he did not consider himself a painter, he created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and The Last Judgment on its altar wall
  • His design of the Laurentian Library pioneered Mannerist architecture
  • He was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive
  • In his lifetime, he was often called Il Divino ("the divine one")
  • His contemporaries admired his terribilità—his ability to instill a sense of awe in viewers of his art
  • Attempts by subsequent artists to imitate the expressive physicality of his style contributed to the rise of Mannerism
  • He worked in marble sculpture all his life and in the other arts only during certain periods
• Michelangelo

  In competition against Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael
• Mona Lisa


  Leonardo da Vinci's greatest triumph of combining art, science, optics, and illusion, with a smile that invites and responds to human interactions, making him a pioneer of virtual reality
• Calligraphy is the highest art form in East Asian art
• Cubism's most famous artist is Pablo Picasso
• Hellenistic Art


  • About architectural orders, is idealist, practical, and down to earth
  • Characterized by presenting a more realistic art, expressing violence and pain
• Mosaics and murals were refined by the Romans
• Roman painting


  • Covered a variety of subjects, including natural themes like landscape, and narrative themes taken from literature and mythology
  • Largely in the form of frescos
  • Primary colors used were deep red, yellow, green, violet, and black
• Spray-painting


  A technique used in painting during Stone age using ground pigments blown through reeds or hollowed-out bones
• Action Painters of Abstract Expressionism

  Used large gestures to spontaneously create very large abstract paintings
• The most famous of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages is the Notre-Dame de Paris
• The notion of the "fine artist" in painting was developed in Asia and Renaissance Europe
• Rococo / Late Baroque


  • Artists used a theatrical level of drama with elaborate details and focused on the lifestyle of the aristocrats
• The Pieta was commissioned to Michelangelo by the French Cardinal Jean de Billheres, which was to go into a side chapel at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
• The Renaissance period


  • Considered to be the summit in human history
  • An incredible time of beauty, blossoming with creativity and curiosity
  • Witnessed the discovery and exploration of new continents, the growth of commerce, and the inventions of innovations such as paper, printing, the mariner's compass and gunpowder
• There are 282 legal codes written in the Code of Hammurabi