dejepis hungary

• Andrew II (Ondrej II, 1205-1235)

  King of Hungary, the weakest ruler
• The Golden Bull of 1222


  1. Nobility forced Andrew II to issue it

  2. Gave the nobility the right to resist Royal power

  3. Gave the nobility exemption from taxes on property
• Andrew II sold rare things and places
• The nobility robbed Andrew II
• Belo III


  Last Arpad
• The Tatar/Mongol Invasion


  1241-1242
• Bela IV (1235-1270)


  King of Hungary
• Tatar troops plundered and completely looted south-western Slovakia, they beat Béla IV in the fight near the river Slaná
• After Tatars left the country, the famine completed the misery
• Castles


  • Only well-fortified castles resisted the Tatar invasions
• Reconstruction after Mongol invasion

  1. Béla IV built numerous fortresses to defend against future invasion

  2. Delegated authority to the provinces

  3. Encouraged immigration to help rebuild the economy

  4. Invited settlers from abroad, mostly from Germany, who brought new civilizing forces
• Under Béla, the Hungarian Kingdom again became a considerable force in Europe
• Some German settlers were gradually assimilated, others created German regions which were preserved to the twentieth century
• Rights granted to German towns


  • Right to build city walls
  • Right to have their own executioner
  • Right to mint their own coins
  • Right to hunt and fish
• Arpad


  Founder of the dynasty, united the Hungarian tribes
• Old Hungarian tribes arrived after Slavs
• Gejza


  Arpad's son, took interest in religion and the church
• Many Slavic loan words in Hungarian, especially concerning crafts and agriculture, forefathers of the Slovaks and the Magyars developed a symbiotic relationship
• Stephen I (997-1038)


  First Arpad to be crowned king in 1000, after accepting Christianity
• Stephen I had churches built and under his reign an archdiocese was erected in Ostrihom
• County (župa) system


  Established by Stephen I, župani collected taxes
• Nitra became a significant principality
• Charles Robert of Anjou

  His candidature was supported by the Papal Curia, he was crowned by the archbishop of Ostrihom
• The Hungarian nobility refused to acknowledge Charles Robert's coronation
• Matúš Čák (Matthias Csák) threw in his lot with Charles Robert, but continued to rule his territory up to his death
• After Čák's death, Charles Robert was able to consolidate power and confiscate the territory
• Reforms under Charles Robert

  1. Centralized the country

  2. Implemented new taxes

  3. Implemented mining act that allowed barons to keep part of the metals they mine (mines were properties of the king before)
• At the congress of Visegrád in 1335, Charles Robert mediated a reconciliation between John of Bohemia and Casimir III of Poland, and the treaties signed contributed to the development of new commercial route linking Hungary with Western Europe
• Charles's efforts to reunite Hungary, together with his administrative and economic reforms, established the basis for the achievements of his successor Louis the Great
• Charles's son Louis I (the Great) also became king of Poland
• Mining and processing of precious metals started in the 12th century in Hungary
• In the 13th century, mining activities took place in Banská Štiavnica (silver) and Banská Bystrica (copper), and the first mint on Slovak territory was established in Kremnica
• Around 30 Slovak towns were founded by the end of the 13th century
• German colonization


  • Played an important part in the development of towns
  • Privileges were granted to German mining communities
  • Only Germans could own property in German towns
• Vlach colonization


  Took place in several waves between the 14th and the 17th centuries, the Vlachs were a pastoral people who originally came from the eastern parts of the Carpathians and brought us bryndza, valašská, žinčica, sheep cheese
• Ondrej III


  Last king