2.2.2.2 - Sutherland (1939)

• Sutherland believed that people learn values from differential associations
• Differential associations could allow someone to acquire criminal skills through copying methods
• Differential associations could lead to learnt values about crime being positive
• Differential associations could result in either imitation of criminal acts and/or learned attitudes towards crime
• Universities of crime


  Sutherland's concept that a prison is the main place to learn criminal skills and values
• Ossarne & West (1982)

  Found that if a father had a criminal conviction then 40% of their sons would also have one by 18
• Ossarne & West (1982) found that if a father had no criminal conviction only 13% of their sons would have them by 18