Taxonomy

• Classification


  The process of grouping things according to similar characteristics
• Places/things organized to help people find what they need

  • Libraries
  • Digital files
  • Grocery stores
• Biologists use classification


  To organize living things into groups so that they are easier to study
• Taxonomy


  The study of classification
• If you know a shark is classified as a fish, you know it lives in water and has gills

  
• Carolus Linnaeus (Karl Von Linné)

  A Swedish naturalist who in the 1750s devised a system of naming organisms that is still used today
• Binomial nomenclature


  The system where each organism gets a two-part name
• Scientific names

  Have two parts: Genus + Species
• Rules for scientific names

  • Must be written in Latin

  1. Genus name begins with a capital letter, species name is all lowercase
• Scientific names

  • Homo sapiens

  Felis domesticus

  Limulus polyphemus

  Megaptera novaeangliae
• Classification groups of plants

  • Nonvascular
  • Vascular
  • Seedless
  • Seeds
  • Ferns
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms
• Advantages of scientific names

  • They are universal, so scientists worldwide can identify an organism by the same name

  1. They eliminate confusion over common names
• We will be focusing on plants that reproduce using flowers
• Taxa


  Groups or sub-groups that organisms are classified into
• Angiosperms


  The organs of sexual reproduction in plants that are called flowers
• Order of 8 taxa from largest to smallest

  • Domain

  Kingdom

  Phylum

  Class

  Order

  Family

  Genus

  Species
• Stamen


  • The male part of a flower
  • Has a thread-like filament and a knob-like anther
  • The anther makes pollen grains which are the sperm cells of a plant
• As the number of organisms decreases, the similarities between them increase
• Pistil


  • The female part of a flower
  • Located in the center of the flower, inside the circle of stamens
  • The lower part of the pistil is the ovary, which contains one or more ovules with egg cells
  • Fertilization of an egg by a pollen grain takes place in the ovule
• Pollination


  Transfer of pollen from stamen to pistil
• Chordates have a backbone
• Life Science 7


  __________
• Kingdom ANIMALIA

  • Animal Classification- two major groups:

  
• Homo sapiens and Ursus americanus are related up to the order Carnivora
• Self-pollination


  Pollen from a flower's own stamen fertilizes the pistil of that same flower
• Cross-pollination


  Pollen from one flower fertilizes the pistil of a different flower
• Two major groups of animals

  • Vertebrates
  • Invertebrates
• Vertebrates


  Animals that have backbones
• Invertebrates

  Animals without backbones
• 8 categories to narrow down the location of a person

  • Planet

  Domain

  Continent

  Kingdom

  Country

  State

  City/Town/Village

  Address
• Seed plant reproduction

  1. Pollination

  2. Fertilization

  3. Ovule becomes a seed
• Prokaryotes

  Simple cells without a nucleus
• Angiosperms


  Produce seeds that are surrounded by fruit
• Invertebrate Phyla (7)

  • PORIFERA
  • CNIDARIA
  • PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms)
  • ANNELIDA
  • MOLLUSCA
  • ECHINODERMATA
  • ARTHROPODA
• Eukaryotes

  Complex cells with a nucleus
• Animals that eat fruit help disperse the seeds
• PORIFERA

  Invertebrates with pores
• Imperfect flower


  A flower that has only pistils or stamens
• Autotrophs


  Producers that can manufacture their own food
• PORIFERA


  • sponges