METABOLISM (PAGE 1)

• Metabolism


  The general term for the sum of all the chemical processes taking place inside the cell, particularly the building or synthesizing of organic molecules and the breaking down of these organic molecules to release energy
• Anabolism


  The part of metabolism that builds up larger molecules, resulting in the production of new protoplasm and growth
• Anabolism


  • Photosynthesis
  • Protein synthesis
• Catabolism


  The breaking down of complex substances resulting in the release of energy and the wearing up of cell protoplasm
• Catabolism


  • Cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration


  A set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients or oxygen gas into ATP
• Types of cellular respiration

  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
• Aerobic respiration


  Occurs in the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration


  Occurs in the absence of oxygen
• Plants and other photosynthetic organisms make their own glucose. For heterotrophs, glucose comes from the food they consume and oxygen from the air or water.
• Stages of cellular respiration

  1. Glycolysis

  2. Second stage in mitochondrion
• Glycolysis


  The initial step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration where glucose, a six-carbon sugar, is broken down into two molecules of a three-carbon compound called pyruvate (or pyruvic acid)
• For every molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules are consumed, 4 ATP molecules are produced (netting 2 ATP produced), and 2 NADH molecules are produced
• 2 pyruvate molecules are produced in glycolysis