Elizabeth

• Middle Way

  Elizabeth's religious approach between Catholicism and Protestantism
• Transubstantiation

  Catholic belief of bread and wine becoming body and blood of Christ
• Act of Supremacy

  1559 act re-establishing Church of England's independence from Rome
• Act of Uniformity

  1559 act defining Church of England beliefs and practices
• Recusant


  Individual refusing to attend Anglican Church due to loyalty to the Pope
• Jesuits

  Missionaries dedicated to the Pope, active in England
• Seminary Priests

  Priests trained abroad to maintain Catholicism in England
• Papal Bull

  Document excommunicating Elizabeth, increasing Catholic threat
• Treason Act 1571


  Punishment for denying Elizabeth's supremacy or importing the Papal Bull
• Priest Holes

  Concealed spaces for priests to hide during religious persecution
• Sir Francis Walsingham

  Sent pursuivants to uncover Jesuits, leading to arrests and torture
• Robert Dudley


  Elizabeth's favorite, sympathetic to Puritans
• Book of Common Prayer


  New prayer book issued in 1559 under the Act of Uniformity
• Supreme Governor


  Title chosen by Elizabeth to pacify Catholics, instead of Supreme Head
• Catholic Threat


  Opposition to Elizabeth's religious policies from Catholics
• Act of Supremacy Structure

  Maintained pre-reformation episcopal structure in the Church of England
• Act of Uniformity Rules

  Included 57 rules defining Church of England practices
• Recusancy Fine


  Initially one shilling per week, later increased to £20 for non-attendance
• Excommunication

  Being excluded from the Christian Church, as Elizabeth was by the Pope
• Nicholas Owen

  Carpenter who built priest holes for hiding priests during persecution
• Edmund Campion


  Jesuit leader in England, arrested and tortured for his activities
• Puritans


  Group unhappy with Elizabeth's religious settlement, rejecting Catholic elements
• English Catholics

  Faced restrictions and penalties for loyalty to the Pope over Elizabeth
• Church Services

  Held in English, with traditional Catholic practices abandoned
• Peter Wentworth

  Imprisoned for challenging Elizabeth's restriction on religious discussions in Parliament
• Edmund Grindal


  Archbishop under house arrest for allowing prophesying, replaced by Whitgift
• John Whitgift

  Ended prophesying, enforced clergy acceptance of bishops
• Three Articles


  Forced clergy to swear absolute acceptance of bishops
• William Stubbs

  Had hand cut off for criticizing Elizabeth in a pamphlet
• Separatists

  Puritans breaking from the Protestant church, led by Robert Browne
• Act Against Seditious Sectaries

  Allowed execution of suspected Separatists
• Recusants

  Catholics refusing to attend Anglican services
• Mary, Queen of Scots


  Descendant of Henry VIII's sister, rival to Elizabeth's throne
• Mary's Marriages

  Brief unions with French heir, Lord Darnley, and Bothwell
• Northern Rebellion

  Catholic plot involving Duke of Norfolk to marry Mary and make her heir
• Catholics' Disloyalty


  Elizabeth suspected disloyalty from Catholic rebels.
• Earls' Rebellion

  Two Earls led a Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth.
• Church Bells

  Used to call people to rebel against the Queen.
• Mary Queen of Scots

  Desired by rebels to be on the English throne.
• Durham Cathedral

  Mass location before rebels headed south.