Sport Psychology chapter 1 2660

• Behaviour


  Generally: anything a person says or does

  Technically: muscular, glandular, or electrical activity of an organism
• Synonyms for behaviour


  Performance, reaction, activity
• Covert behaviour


  Internal, cannot be monitored by observers
• Overt behaviour


  Can be monitored by observers
• Examples of covert and overt behaviours not in this chapter

  • Covert: Volleyball player thinking about where to hit the ball

  Overt: Quarterback yelling the play
• Intelligence, attitude, personality


  Generally used to describe traditional psychology
• Examples of using intelligence, attitude, personality


  • Intelligence: Soandso does well on tests because they have high intelligence

  Attitude: Soandso does well on project because of great attitude

  Personality: Soandso doesn't go out much because they are antisocial
• Behavioural perspective of intelligence, attitude, personality


  Viewed as summary labels for behaviour, not something within that causes behaviour
• Disadvantages of summary labels for human behaviour

  • May lead to pseudo-explanations of behaviour

  2. Coaches might blame young athletes for inferior performance
• Reasons for emphasis on specific behaviours rather than general labels

  Behavioural deficits (too little of a particular behaviour)

  Behavioural excesses (too much of a particular behaviour)
• Behavioural deficit


  Too little of a particular behaviour
• Sport examples of behavioural deficits not in this chapter

  • Basketball player doesn't practice free throws

  2. Player doesn't have goals they want to achieve
• Behavioural excess


  Too much of a particular behaviour
• Sport examples of behavioural excesses not in this chapter

  • Volleyball player frequently misses serves in close games

  2. Swimmer struggles to take breaths during front stroke
• Behavioural analysis


  The study of scientific laws that govern the behaviour of humans and other animals
• Behaviour modification


  Applications of behavioural techniques to help individuals in everyday living, also called applied behaviour analysis
• Behavioural sport psychology


  Use of behaviour analysis principles and techniques to enhance performance and satisfaction of athletes
• Target behaviours


  Behaviours to be improved in a behavioural sport psychology program
• Sport examples of target behaviours not in this chapter

  • Volleyball player wants to improve their serve

  2. Horse rider wants to work on counting strides before a jump
• Stimuli


  Antecedents and consequences that are typically manipulated
• Sport examples of stimuli not in this chapter


  • Feel of swinging a baseball bat

  2. Hearing a crowd cheer

  3. Environment of an arena
• Synonyms for stimulus


  Rewards or punishers
• Things not included in behaviour analysis procedures
• Cognitive behaviour therapy


  Useful techniques for helping individuals overcome problem behaviour and troublesome emotions by getting rid of unproductive, debilitating thoughts or beliefs, and adopting more constructive ones
• Reasons for using single-subject research designs in behavioural sport psychology

  • Require assessments of individual athletic performance across practices/competitions

  2. Athletes/coaches accept as few participants needed and all experience intervention

  3. Assess athletic behaviours/outcomes rather than personality questionnaires
• Characteristics of behavioural sport psychology

  • Strong emphasis on defining goals/problems in terms of measurable behaviour

  2. Treatment procedures rearrange antecedents and consequences of behaviour

  3. Based on principles of respondent and operant conditioning

  4. Interprets cognitive techniques in terms of conditioning of covert/overt behaviours

  5. Commonly use single-subject research designs

  6. High value in accountability for all involved
• Social validation


  Procedures to ensure techniques are selected and applied in the best interests of clients
• Questions social validity addresses

  • What do athletes/coaches/parents think about the goals of the intervention?

  2. What do they think about the procedures suggested by the consultant?

  3. What do they think about the results of those procedures?
• Behaviour


  Generally: anything a person says or does

  Technically: muscular, glandular, or electrical activity of an organism
• Synonyms for behaviour


  Performance, reaction, activity
• Covert behaviour


  Internal, cannot be monitored by observers
• Overt behaviour


  Can be monitored by observers
• Examples of covert and overt behaviours not in this chapter

  • Covert: Volleyball player thinking about where to place serve

  Overt: Quarterback yelling play
• Intelligence, attitude, personality


  Generally used to describe traditional psychology
• Examples of using intelligence, attitude, personality


  • Intelligence: Soandso does well on tests because of high intelligence

  Attitude: Soandso does well on project because of great attitude

  Personality: Soandso doesn't go out much because of antisocial personality
• Behavioural perspective of intelligence, attitude, personality


  Viewed as summary labels for behaviour, not something within that causes behaviour
• Behavioural interpretation of a traditional psychological term


  • Example needed
• Disadvantages of summary labels for human behaviour

  • May lead to pseudo-explanations of behaviour

  2. Coaches might blame young athletes for inferior performance
• Reasons for emphasis on specific behaviours rather than general labels

  To identify behavioural deficits (too little of a behaviour) or behavioural excesses (too much of a behaviour)
• Behavioural deficit


  Too little of a particular behaviour