English 6

• Present Perfect Tense

  -> Present perfect tense is made up of HAS/HAVE + the past participle form of verb.
• 1. Has + Past Participle is used when the subject is singular
  2. Have + Past Participle is used when the subject is plural. It can also be used with I 


  -> Since and for can be used to identify present perfect.
• Past Perfect Tense

  -> It refers to the actions that were completed before a certain or specific time in the past.

  ->The past perfect tense is formed by using the past tense "to have" which is HAD.
• FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

  ->It is a verb tense used with an action that will be complete, sometime in the future before another action will take place.

  ->It is formed by using WILL/SHALL HAVE + the past participle form of the verb either singular or plural subject.
• ADVERBS

  -> are words that modify an adjective, a verb, or another adverb
• ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

  -> tells "how often" something takes place.

  -> examples are usually, always, rarely, never, regularly, sometimes, seldom, and often.
• ADVERBS OF DEGREE

  -> tells "how much" or "to what extent"

  -> examples are very, completely, little, quite, almost, many, and hardly
• ADVERBS OF AFFIRMATION & NEGATION

  -> tells if an action or characteristics are true or false

  -> examples of affirmation are really, sure, surely, undoubtedly, yes, certainly

  ->examples of negation are nothing, nowhere, never, no, not, or words ending in n't
• CAUSE

  ->is the reason for something

  EFFECT

  -> is the result of what happened

  CAUSE AND EFFECT

  -> explains why things happened

  SIGNAL WORDS

  -> so, because, therefore, since, of, then, so that, without, cause, effect, how, consequently, as a result, due to, owning to
• PERSUASIVE ESSAY

  -> intends to convince readers to believe a certain idea or point

  In writing a persuasive essay, you must express your opinion clearly and strongly with support of details such as examples and additional information
• Step 1: Choose a topic

  -> Choose a topic near to your heart. This will make the process of writing enjoyable. Pick the sde you believe in and do research to support your point of view.
• Step 2: Write an introduction

  -> Start your opening paragraph with a catchy sentence. You may insert related quotes or facts to draw attention. Present your argument in a way that your readers will keep reading your essay.
• Step 3: Write the Body

  -> Present reason and justifications to support your point. Use convincing words and phrases such as the following:

  • I am certain that...
  • I am certain.../Certainly...
  • I believe that...
  • I'm sure.../Surely...
  • What needs to be done/What we need to do (recomendation)

  Avoid the following phrases because they do not convey confidence in your ideas or opinions.

  • I think...
  • It seems that...
  • Perhaps...
  • I guess...
• Step 4: Construct the conclusion

  -> Summarize your main point. Restate your point of view and add strong statements like calling for action, recommendation, or a decision to be made.

  You may use the following closing words:

  • finally, briefly, in conclusion, in the end, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, to sum up, in summary
• Step 5: Proofread your essay

  -> Check your essay for error. Edit and reorganize your sentences if needed. If you have more time, you can read it again a day or two after writing. Revise your essay if you need to