Sampling Methods

• Random: The best way to select respondents is by doing so fairly and randomly, you can only do random sampling if you have a sampling frame (list of names) -> Purpose of use: Used by positivists to achieve a representative sample and data that can be generalised about society as a whole
• Systematic random: This involves counting down a list and selecting every 'Xth' name to ensure everyone has a chance of being selected. 


  However with pure/systematic random, the sample may not always be representative of the total population.
• Non-random: No sampling frame available, cant select from a random sample and it is no longer representative.
• Quota: Getting a set number of respondents from different categories (e.g. 20 males and 20 females) It is used in combinations with other non-random respondents. 


  It is often chosen due to practical issues such as time, no sampling frame and difficulty accessing respondents.
• Snowball: A type of quota sampling. It is when respondents refer the researcher to another respondent and is done so on until enough data is gained. It is good for accessing people who are difficult to contact or persuade to take part.
• Volunteer: Advertising for volunteers who would like to take part (e.g. in newspapers, magazines & public notices)
• Accidental/Opportunity: choosing individuals who are easiest to access (e.g. passers on the street)


  Often chosen due to practical issues such as time, sampling frame & accessing respondents.
• Purposive: Respondents are chosen on purpose because they best fit the criteria the researcher is interested in (e.g. single mums). Its used in combination with other non-random procedures. Also used because researchers are trying to achieve an in-depth understanding of a particular human-being.


  Its used interpretivists so they can study particular people and gain verstehen.
• Sampling methods: The process by which a researcher takes a smaller group from the target population they're interested in studying. It is used to appropriately select a sample that is representative of the target population.