16/4/24 EB mainly

• (neophobia) Dovery et al- we have expectations of how food should look, smell, taste and texture. if unfamiliar less likely to eat it
• research support for preference of sweet food- Steiner - showed that the facial expressions of newborn babies indicate pleasure and acceptance to sweet taste and rejection and disgust to a bitter taste.

  natural affinity for sweet foods and an aversion for bitter food before experience ,infer preference is due to evolution
• Individual differences in taste aversion- Drewnoski- genetic variation in ability to detect PROP . Some people are non tasters some are super tasters and are very sensitive .

  Refuse theory as detecting better taste is essential for survival so it should be bred into everyone but this is not the case
• What did Perry study(neophobia) - Neo Phobia is associated with a poorer dietary quality among children .

  Poses problems for individuals who may restrict their diets to food within adequate nutritional quality.

  Could leave to health problems contradicts the idea that it increases survival chances.
• parents influence in food preferences- Ogaen- Positive correlation between mothers and children's diets shows how the mother is the gatekeeper of diet and influence of food preferences
• Cultural norms influencing food preferences:

  Vabo and Hansen- Discussed that what and how much we eat are shaped by learning around the family table and culture.

  This can be powerful enough to ever ride innate aversions.
• Research evidence into support of the role of parent influences- Olivera- Positive correlation between a mother's food intake for most nutrients and her preschool children's food intake for most nutrients.

  This is also a practical application where parental attitudes should be targeted to improve children's diets.
• Peer influence- Birch- Four consecutive brunch times children were seated next to other children who preferred a different vegetable at the end of the 4 days these children showed a change in their vegetable preference and this was still evident at a follow up several weeks later .

  Impact of piers children learn eating preferences through observation and imitation
• 3 parts of nature vs nurture:

  interactionist-

  diathesis stress model

  epigenetics
• Mc Guffin twin depression concordance rate- 46% and 20%
• the 2 types of reductionism for reductionism 16 marker:

  environmental

  biological
• BMI concordance rates- Maes- 74% mz, 32% dz ( analysed 75000)
• how many juvenile delinquents were in Delisi's study

  813
• according to the neural mechanism how is hunger stimulated?

  When there is a decline in blood glucose levels, the cells in the LH communicating with the level detect this and activates NPY