Bio cell

    Cards (16)

    • Cell membrane
      Also known as plasma membrane or plasmalemma
    • Cell membrane
      • It is the outer covering that encloses the cell contents and regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell
      • It is made of a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids with proteins embedded in or attached to the phospholipids
      • It is selectively permeable or semi-permeable as it allows some types of molecules to pass through it and not others
      • It is flexible
    • Mitochondria
      • Sausage-shaped organelles
      • They are the sites for respiratory reactions that yield energy for the cell
    • Mitochondria
      • They are bound to two cell membranes: the inner membrane is greatly folded into cristae to increase the surface area for attachment of respiratory enzymes, and the outer membrane
      • The arrangement and number of mitochondria in a cell depends on the cell's energy requirements - cells which require larger amounts of energy contain many mitochondria
    • Cell specialization
      Newly found cells undergo structural modification so as to perform specific functions
    • Specialized cells
      • They are suited to perform specific functions
    • Root hair
      Extension (projection) of the root epidermal cell that increases the surface area for absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil
    • Guard cells
      • Bean shaped, contain chloroplasts, have thick inner walls and thin outer walls
      • Enable them to control the opening and closing of stomata to allow for gaseous exchange
    • Palisade cell.
      • Contain chloroplasts that trap light energy for photosynthesis
      • Closely packed.
      • They are the main photosynthetic cells which are found beneath the upper epidermis of the leaf
    • Nerve cells
      • Structural and functional unit of the nervous system
      • Have extensions called axons and dendrites that facilitate pulse transmission
    • Sperm cell
      • Long tail-like extension for propulsion
      • Numerous mitochondria to provide energy for propulsion
      • Acrosome that contains lytic enzymes to digest egg membranes
    • Red blood cells
      • Biconcave in shape
      • Lack a nucleus
      • Contain haemoglobin
      • Enable them to transport oxygen within the body
    • White blood cells
      • Have large nuclei
      • Some can change shape and exhibit amoeboid movement
      • Protect the body against infections by destroying disease-causing microorganisms through antibody production or phagocytosis
    • Muscle cells
      • Contain contractile fibrils that contract and relax to bring about movement
    • Tissue
      A collection of cells of similar type that are specialized to perform the same function
    • Tissues are groups of cells that have come together to perform a specific function
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