physical and Sexual

• Physical self


  The body which we interface with our environment and fellow being. It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
• People often invest significant time and effort into how they look, paying attention to their appearance in mirrors, anticipating others' perceptions, and worrying about judgments from others based on their physical attributes
• Our concept of our self and the perception of people around us will always have big effect on how we deal in a situation, cultural or not
• William James


  • Considered the body as an initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality. It is an element of spiritual hygiene of supreme significance.
• Sigmund Freud


  • In Psychoanalytical school, construction of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience
• Wilhelm Reich


  • Argued that mind and body are one; all psychological processes are a part of physical processes, and vice versa
• Eros


  Behaviors commonly associated with life instincts which include love, cooperation, and other prosocial actions
• Thanatos


  Freud theorized that humans are driven toward death and destruction, which may result in self-harm
• Erik Erikson


  • The role of bodily organs is especially important in early developmental stages of a person's life. The development of physical and intellectual skills is crucial for achieving a sense of competence and mastery, particularly during childhood and adolescence.
• Carl Jung


  • The physical body and the external world can be known only as psychological experiences
• B.F. Skinner


  • The role of the body is of primary importance (Reinforcement and Punishment)
• In some cultures and religions, specific physical features or body modifications may be considered desirable, leading individuals to alter their appearance to align with these cultural ideals
• Body modification serves as a means for individuals to express and shape their personal and social identities
• In contemporary society, there is often a heightened emphasis on physical appearance, fueled by media representation and societal pressures. This can contribute to individuals feeling insecure about their natural appearance and relying on cosmetic enhancements to conform to societal beauty standards
• Self-esteem


  Our overall evaluation of our worth and capabilities
• Types of self-esteem


  • Inflated self-esteem
  • High self-esteem
  • Low self-esteem
• Self-esteem is influenced by societal standards of beauty and physical attractiveness. Individuals may base their self-worth on how closely they align with these standards, leading to fluctuations in self-esteem based on perceived physical appearance
• Freud's stages of personality development

  • Oral stage (1-2 years)
  • Anal stage (2-3 years)
  • Phallic stage (3-6 years)
  • Latency stage (6-12 years)
  • Genital stage (puberty onward)
• Men's sexual behavior can be aroused by various stimuli, and at puberty, the production of androgens in males and estrogens and progesterone in females leads to the development of secondary sex characteristics
• Human reproductive system


  1. Semen from male is discharged in the vagina

  2. Sperm begin moving up to the uterus and fallopian tube

  3. One sperm enters the ovum and leads to fertilization

  4. Zygote forms and enters gestation period

  5. Birth of a baby
• Male reproductive system


  • Testis
  • Scrotum
  • Prostate glands
  • Urethra
  • Penis
  • Sperm
• Female reproductive system


  • Ovary
  • Fallopian tube
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
• Erogenous zones


  Parts of the body that are particularly sensitive to touch, pressure and vibration which contributes to sexual arousal
• Erogenous zones


  • Reproductive organs (vagina, penis, scrotum & clitoris)
  • Mouth (lips)
  • Neck
  • Breast (nipples)
  • Ears
• Phases of sexual response

  1. Arousal phase

  2. Plateau phase

  3. Orgasm phase

  4. Resolution stage
• Sexual behavior is influenced not only by biological factors, but also by psychological, social, and cultural factors
• Erogenous zones


  • Reproductive organ (vagina, penis, scrotum & clitoris), mouth (lips), neck, breast (nipples) and ears
• Physiological Aspects of Sexual Excitement

  1. Arousal phase

  2. Plateau phase

  3. Orgasm phase

  4. Resolution stage
• Arousal phase


  Subjective sense of sexual pleasure. Physiological signs: penile tumescence (erection) and vasocongestion in females leads to vaginal lubrication and nipple erection
• Plateau phase


  Brief period of time before the orgasm. Body's preparation for orgasm
• Orgasm phase


  Intense, highly pleasurable experience. Rhythmic muscular contractions in the genitals. In males, contractions expel semen. Breathing and heart rates reach maximum
• Resolution stage


  Decrease of arousal (particularly in males). Genitals resume unaroused state, blood pressure, breathing and heart rate return to normal
• Sexual behavior is influenced by physiological, social, cultural, and psychological factors
• Heterosexuality


  Sexual attraction and behavior directed towards individuals of the opposite sex or gender
• Homosexuality


  Romantic and/or sexual attraction between individuals of the same sex or gender
• Bisexuality


  Romantic or sexual attraction to both one's own gender and other genders
• Transsexuality


  Individuals who believe they were born with the body of the opposite gender. They undergo medical interventions like hormone therapy or gender-affirming surgery to align their physical appearance with their gender identity
• Transgenderism


  Individuals who identify with a gender different from the one assigned to them at birth. They may experience gender dysphoria, a sense of discomfort or distress due to incongruence between their gender identity and assigned sex
• Due to overpopulation, STDs, and AIDS, the government educates people on the importance of contraception
• Types of contraception


  • Natural Contraception
  • Artificial Method