caves, arches, stacks, stumps

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Isabel Collins

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(1) the sea will erode a crack in the headland using hydraulic action - when air in cracks is compressed by breaking waves, this pressure causes small pieces if rock in the crack to break off
(2) over time, the faults become larger to form a cave, the process of abrasion (or corrosion) rubs against the back of the cave like sandpaper, causing the cave to get bigger and bigger - this will be happening on both sides of the headland
(3) eventually, the backs of the cave meet forming an arch - the bottom of the arch is undercut by erosion and weathering occurring on the bare cliff face
(4) the arch grows wider and taller until it collapses under its own weight and the pull of gravity - this leaves behind a column of rock not attached to the cliff, known as a stack
(5) continued erosion at the base of a stack makes it top-heavy, so it eventually topples over leaving a stump only visible at low tide

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caves, arches, stacks, stumps

Cards (5)

1.1.2.2 Coastal Landforms

2.3. Coastal Landforms

1.1.3.2 River Landforms

3.5.1 Tectonic Processes and Landforms

1.1.2 Coastal Landscapes

2.1. Coastal Systems

1.1.2.1 Coastal Processes

7.1. Choosing a Research Question

1.1.2 Coastal Landscapes and Processes

2.2. Coastal Processes

1.1.2.3 Coastal Management

3.2.3.1 Coastal Management

Unit Group 1: British Period Study and Enquiry

2. Coastal Systems and Landscapes

3.1.1.2 Coastal Landscapes

2.4. Coastal Management

6.9 Questions

3.3 Responding to Questions and Feedback

3.2.2 Crafting a focused and manageable research question

7.2 Extended Response Questions

3.2.3 Obtaining approval for the proposed question