chemical tests :<

• Reaction of copper (II) salts with sodium hydroxide (test for Cu2+)


  blue solution and colourless solution goes to light blue precipitate
• Reaction of iron(II) salts with sodium hydroxide - test for Fe2+


  green solution goes to green precipitate
• Reaction of iron(III) salts with sodium hydroxide - test for Fe3+


  orange brown solution goes to red brown precipitate
• Sodium chloride + nitric acid + silver nitrate - test for Cl(halide)


  white precipitate
• Sodium bromide + nitric acid + silver nitrate - test for Br 


  cream precipitate
• Sodium iodide + nitric acid + silver nitrate - test for I


  yellow precipitate
• Heating copper carbonate


  green solid goes to black solid
• Methyl orange in an acidic solution will turn red and in an alkaline solution will turn yellow
• Phenolphthalein turns colourless in an acidic solution and pink/red in an alkaline solution
• test for carbonates

  add dilute hcl to sample of salt and look for fizzing, gas given off, test gas by bubbling it through limewater
• test for ammonium ions is to add dilute sodium hydroxide and gently heating it, ammonium ions will turn into ammonia gas and also changes to blue on litmus paper