nutr chapter 13

• all b vitamins form coenzymes
• unmilled grains have b vitamins
• milled grains are enriched with thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid
• b(1) is thiamin
• thiamin is found in pork products, sunflower seeds, and legumes
• thiamin is needed for normal function of the nervous system
• thiamin deficiency is called beriberi and causes neuropathy
• wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is mostly seen in heavy alcohol users and decreases thiamin absorption
• b(2) is riboflavin
• riboflavin comes from milk products
• riboflavin is a part of the coenzyme fad
• ariboflavinosis is the deficiency of riboflavin that affects the mouth, skin, and red blood cells
• b(3) is niacin
• niacin has two forms nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
• niacin comes from poultry, meat, fish, enriched bread, mushrooms, and peanuts
• niacin can be synthesized from tryptophan
• pellagra is the deficiency of niacin and causes dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia
• there is no vitamin b(4)
• b(5) is pantothenic acid
• pantothenic acid is part of coenzyme a
• pantothenic acid is essential for formation of acetyl-CoA
• pantothenic acid deficiency is rare
• b(7) is biotin
• biotin is the coenzyme that participates in carboxylation reactions
• biotin deficiency is rare
• vitamin b6 is a family of three compounds with pyridoxine being the most common name
• vitamin b6 comes from meat
• b(9) is folate
• folate is found naturally while folic acid refers to synthetic form
• b(9) comes from liver, legumes, and leafy green vegetables
• folate aids in dna synthesis and amino acid metabolism
• folate deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia
• neural tube defects are linked to deficiency of folate
• plants don't synthesize vitamin b12
• in food vitamin b12 is bound to a protein
• in the body b12 combines with an intrinsic factor
• vitamin b12 causes pernicious anema
• choline is found in food as lecithin
• vitamin c aka ascorbic acid
• scurvy is the deficiency of vitamin c