Final 2

• Rotifera feature a lorica. Describe this structure


  intraepidermal structure with skeletal elements
• Scallop eyes are well known but their function remain unclear. What would be the most likely function of such a lens eye for this mollusc?

  detecting predators
• what secrets shells of molluscs

  pallium epithelium
• The circulatory system of molluscs can be (multiple answers possible)

  endocardial, closed, or open
• Rotifer/retrocerebral gland/mucus production is a correct combination of taxon/structure/function. True or false

  true
• Gemmules are characteristic of some sponges. Which describes their function best?

  theyre resting stages
• Marine flatworms are hermaphroditic and mating pairs engage in "penis fencing", true or false


  true
• Colonies of bryozoans consist of zooids. Is every zooid capable of feeding?

  no they have different functions. some feed, some reproduce, etc.
• What are the 2 derived annelid groups

  errantia, sedentaria
• Which two bilaterian groups are NOT Ecdysozoa?

  
  

  a) Echinodermata and Onychophora

  b) Tardigrada and Bryozoa

  c) Molluscs and Nematoda

  d) Chelicerata and Platyhelminthes

  e) Rotifera and Chaetognatha

  rotifera, chaetognathans. the other answers have at least one ecdysozoa
• The nervous system of molluscs can involve ganglia and cords. What is the hypothesized evolutionary derived condition of these nervous system structures?

  ganglionic
• main difference between proto and metanephridia

  metanephridia require a circulatory system and protonephridia do not
• feeding modes of mollluscs; what structure is important for bivalves to suspension feed?

  cilia. bivalves do not have a radula like other molluscs do.
• mucus is an important component for inverts. name some functions of mucus


  feeding, avoiding descication, crawling, breathing
• why is the elasticity of the mesoglea important/helpful to jellyfish

  elasticity of mesoglea allows the bell of medusoid to refill and so the jellyfish can move [pulsating movement]
• name the major lineages within cnidarians

  anthozoa and medusozoa [which include schyphozoa, cubozoa, hydrozoa]
• what structure do burrowing polychaeta use to breath when burrowing in sediment

  gills
• name the 4 main hexopoda groups

  holometabola, neroptera, ectognatha, entognatha
• What unifies the group ecdysozoa [what feature found in common ancestor Hallucigenia]

  teeth like structures unifies group
• what 3 major groups are in panarthropoda

  arthropoda, onychophorans, tardigrada
• lophotrochozoa is used synonymously to

  spiralia (according to dr heyladn)
• why do molluscs have a deep fossil record

  calcareous shells
• two major groups of molluscs

  conchifera and aculifera [aplacophora is group inside of aculifera]
• molluscs are ____________ symmetrical

  bilaterally
• what are the 3 main body regions in molluscs

  head, foot, visceral mass
• all molluscs have a __________ except for bivalves

  radula
• all molluscs have a ________ and the cephalopods have it modified into ___________.

  foot, tentactles/suckers
• how do molluscs move. describe terrestrial and aquatic

  terrestrial: mucus [gastropods].

  aquatic: jet propulsion [cephalopods], mucus, pedal-retractor muscle [bivalves]
• digestive systems of molluscs?

  complete gut. with buccal cavity . Use radula to eat/collect food. cephalopods have beak. some have modifications such as gizzard
• all molluscs have open circulatory systems except for the ____________________

  cephalopods
• heart of molluscs is in the ____________ chamber

  pericardial
• is parallel evolution the same as convergent evolution? if so, explain how

  parallel evolution is a special case of convergent evolution
• why dont we have a full understanding of the evolutionary relationships between all taxonomic groups?

  the rate and extent of evolutionary change cannot be resolved in all cases due to limited info
• the extracellular matrix only occurs in

  metazoa
• choanoflagellates are sister taxon to the _______

  animals
• stinging cells in cnidarians are activated by ___________

  mechanical stimulation
• the gastrodermis of Cnidarians is the _____________ layer adjacent to the _____________

  inner layer adjacent to the mesoglea
• lophophores are used for ____________ and ____________

  feeding and gas exchange
• what is the neodermis in Neodermata

  neodermata often live parasitically inside digestive system of host; neodermis prevents them from being digested
• function of typhlosole in annelids?

  increases absorption of the gut