intelligence

• General intelligence (g)


  A general biologically-based mental factor that underlies specific task performance (s)
• Fluid intelligence


  An ability to see meaning in things or to react to a situation intelligently, biologically based and declines with age
• Crystallized intelligence


  A knowledge base, affected by motivation, education and culture, may maintain or increase throughout adulthood
• Intelligence


  May be simply working memory because performance on working memory tasks is very similar to those of fluid intelligence
• Savant syndrome


  Cases that suggest there might be multiple forms of intelligence
• Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences


  • Different types of intelligence supported by different brain areas
• Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

  • Components of intelligence (analytical, creative, practical) that are universal and work with different kinds of experience/information
• Analytical intelligence


  Ability to size up the requirements of a problem and formulate strategies to solve it
• Creative intelligence


  Ability to generate good ideas or fresh insights
• Practical intelligence


  Ability to adapt to one's environment or effectively shape it to suit oneself ("street smarts")
• IQ (Intelligence Quotient)


  Mental Age divided by Chronological Age times 100
• IQ tests


  • Aim to be valid (measure intelligence and predict intelligent behaviour) and reliable (consistent scores)
• Flynn effect


  The finding that average IQ scores have risen over historical time, explained by factors like improved nutrition, education, and environmental complexity
• Genetics is a main predictor of IQ scores, more than environment, as shown by research on IQ similarity between twins
• Positive mood


  Promotes global processing and greater susceptibility to misinformation
• Negative mood


  Promotes specific/local processing and lowers susceptibility to misinformation