Boyle's Charles' law

• hello students today is the start of the fourth quarter of grade 10 science for those who are new in this channel i am mom deya and i am your science teacher for today today's discussion we will be talking about the behavior of gases particularly about boyle's law and charles law
• before we proceed let's have a review of the different states of matter when you were in the elementary levels you studied solids liquids and gases
• Solids


  • More compact in nature
• Liquids


  • Particles slightly far apart compared to solids, take the shape of their container
• Gases


  • Particles very far apart, take up all the space in the container
• our focus this quarter is all about gases
• Properties of gases


  • Pressure (P)
  • Volume (V)
  • Temperature (T)
  • Amount (n)
• Pressure


  Force acting on a specific area
• Units of pressure


  • atm (atmosphere)
  • mmHg (millimeter mercury)
  • Torr
  • psi (pounds per square inch)
  • kPa (kilopascals)
• in our study for most of this quarter we will be using atmospheres, millimeter mercury and Torr
• Volume


  Three-dimensional space occupied by a gas
• Units of volume


  • milliliters
  • liters
  • cubic meters
  • cubic centimeters
• Temperature


  Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
• Units of temperature


  • Fahrenheit
  • Celsius
  • Kelvin
• in our calculations we will be using Kelvin as the standard unit for temperature
• Quantity


  Measured in moles, one mole is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 units of a substance
• Boyle's law relates pressure and volume at constant temperature and amount of substance
• Boyle's law


  Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature
• Volume increases


  Pressure decreases
• Volume decreases


  Pressure increases
• Demonstration of Boyle's law

  • Using a syringe and marshmallow
• Boyle's law calculation


  P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
• A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0 millimeter mercury, what is the volume when the pressure is increased to 120 millimeter mercury
• Solution: P1 = 40.0 mmHg, V1 = 12.3 L, P2 = 120.0 mmHg, V2 = 4.1 L
• Applications of Boyle's law

  • Syringes
  • Chip bags at high altitudes
  • Breathing
• Charles law relates volume and temperature at constant pressure
• Charles law


  Volume and temperature are directly proportional
• Volume increases


  Temperature increases
• Volume decreases


  Temperature decreases
• Applications of Charles law

  • Hot air balloons
  • Ping pong balls
  • Baking