GEN BIO II

• 2 Types of organisms in plants based on mode of nutrition

  • Autotrophs (self-feeders)
  • Heterotrophs
• Autotrophs


  Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight and chemicals to produce their own food
• Autotrophs


  • Plants
  • Chemosynthetic bacteria
• Heterotrophs


  Organisms that cannot make their own food
• Photosynthesis


  • Nutritional requirement of plants
  • Process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and glucose
• Macronutrients present in plants

  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorus
• Magnesium (Mg)


  • Component of chlorophyll (responsible for green pigment of plants)
  • Responsible for activation of enzymes
• Nitrogen (N)


  • Most abundant gas
  • Needed by plants for production of protein, nucleic acid (DNA + RNA), and chlorophyll
• Phosphorus


  Component of ADP and ATP, nucleic acid, phospholipids, and several coenzymes
• Micronutrients present in plants

  • Chlorine (Cl)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Molybdenum (Mb)
• Chlorine (Cl)

  Plays an important role in root and shoot growth, and photosynthesis
• Magnesium (Mg)


  • Central molecule in chlorophyll
  • Co-factor for production of ATP
• Animal classification


  • Herbivore
  • Carnivore
  • Omnivore
• Herbivore


  • Plant-eater
  • Animals that depend upon plants and fruits for nutrition
• Carnivore


  • Animals that depend on other animals for food
  • Meat-eater
• Omnivore


  Organisms that eat both plant and animals
• Examples of herbivores


  • Cow
  • Goat
  • Sheep
  • Buffaloes
• Examples of omnivores


  • Bear
  • Dog
  • Cow
  • Human
• Types of animal nutrition

  • Intracellular digestion
  • Extracellular digestion
• Intracellular digestion


  • Occurs in single-celled organisms
  • Process food inside the cell
• Intracellular digestion


  • Protists
  • Amoeba
  • Paramecium
• Extracellular digestion


  • Occurs in multicellular organisms
  • Process in which food particles are broken down into smaller components outside the cell
• Extracellular digestion


  • Hydra
  • Flatworms
  • Coelenterates
• Feeding mechanisms in animals

  • Substrate-feeders
  • Filter-feeders
  • Fluid-feeders
  • Bulk-feeders
  • Ram-feeders
• Substrate-feeders


  Organisms live on or inside the food source and feeds through the soft tissues
• Substrate-feeders


  • Leaf caterpillar
  • Maggots
• Filter-feeders


  • Organisms filter small food particles
  • Obtains nutrients from particles suspended in water
• Filter-feeders


  • Whale
  • Fish
• Fluid-feeders


  • Organisms feed on fluids such as animal blood and nectar in plants
  • Ingestion of liquid nutrients
• Bulk-feeders


  • Organisms eat large pieces of food using body parts such as claws, tentacles, and teeth
  • Eat relatively large amount of food
• Bulk-feeders


  • Cat
  • Snake
  • Lion
• Ram-feeders


  • Organisms ingest prey via surrounding liquid
  • Occurs when a fish swims over a prey item with its mouth open
  • Engulfing prey in water
• Ram-feeders


  • Whale
  • Shark
  • Tunas
• Processes of nutrition in animals

  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Assimilation
  • Egestion
• Ingestion


  • Process of taking in food
  • Food consumption
• Digestion


  Larger food particles are broken down into smaller, water-soluble particles
• Absorption


  Digested food is absorbed into bloodstream through the intestinal wall
• Assimilation


  Absorbed food is used for energy, growth and repair of cells of the body
• Egestion


  Undigested food is removed from the body in the form of feces
• The human digestive system is an important part for absorption of nutrients of the body