PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Types of organisms in plants based on mode of nutrition

  • Autotrophs/Self-Feeders
  • Heterotrophs
• Autotrophs/Self-Feeders


  Organisms that obtain energy from sunlight and chemicals to produce their own food
• Autotrophs/Self-Feeders


  • Plants
  • Chemosynthetic bacteria
• Heterotrophs


  Organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain energy from other organisms
• Photosynthesis


  A process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and glucose
• Macronutrients required by plants

  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Nitrogen (N)
  • Phosphorous (P)
• Magnesium (Mg)


  Component of chlorophyll, responsible for the activation of enzymes
• Nitrogen (N)


  Needed by plants for the production of proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and chlorophyll
• Phosphorous (P)


  Serves as the component of ADP and ATP, nucleic acids, phospholipids, and several coenzymes
• Micronutrients required by plants

  • Chlorine (Cl)
  • Magnesium (Mg)
  • Molybdenum (Mo)
• Chlorine (Cl)


  Serves an important role in root and shoot growth, and in photosynthesis
• Magnesium (Mg)


  A central molecule in chlorophyll and is a co-factor for the production of ATP
• Animal classifications based on nutrition


  • Herbivores
  • Carnivores
  • Omnivores
• Herbivores


  Animals that depend upon plants and fruits for their nutrition
• Herbivores


  • Cows, goats, sheep, buffaloes
• Carnivores


  Animals that depend upon other animals for food
• Carnivores


  • Lion, tigers, and wolves
• Omnivores


  Organisms that eat both plants and animals
• Omnivores


  • Bears, dogs, and crows
• Types of animal digestion

  • Intracellular Digestion
  • Extracellular Digestion
• Intracellular Digestion


  Single-celled organisms process their food inside the cell
• Intracellular Digestion


  • Protist, amoeba, and paramecium
• Extracellular Digestion


  Multicellular organisms process food particles into smaller components outside the cell
• Extracellular Digestion


  • Hydra, flatworms, and coelenterates
• Feeding mechanisms in animals

  • Substrate-Feeders
  • Filter-Feeders
  • Fluid-Feeders
  • Bulk-Feeders
  • Ram-Feeders
• Substrate-Feeders


  The organism lives on or inside its food source and feeds through the soft tissues
• Substrate-Feeders


  • Leaf and Caterpillar
• Filter-Feeders


  The organism filters small food particles or organisms and obtains nutrients from particles suspended in water
• Filter-Feeders


  • Whale and Fish
• Fluid-Feeders


  The organism feeds on fluids such as animal blood and nectar in plants
• Fluid-Feeders


  • Mosquitos, leeches, head lice, and aphids
• Bulk-Feeders


  The organisms eat large pieces of food by using body parts like claws, tentacles, and teeth
• Bulk-Feeders


  • Cats, Snakes, Lions
• Ram-Feeders


  Ingesting prey via the surrounding fluids, occurs when a fish swims over a prey item with its mouth open
• Ram-Feeders


  • Whale Shark and Tuna
• Processes of nutrition in animals

  • Ingestion
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Assimilation
  • Egestion
• Ingestion


  The process of taking in food
• Digestion


  The larger food particles are broken down into smaller, water-soluble particles
• Absorption


  The digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal wall
• Assimilation

  The absorbed food is used for energy, growth, and repair of the cells of the body