Breast and Lymphatic

• Male and female –similar until puberty.
• Breast-Paired mammary gland that lie over themuscles of anterior chest wall.
• When female breast tissue enlarges- response to therising estrogen and progesterone released by theovaries. (8-13 yrs old)
• Two functions of breast in female:

  1. Produce and store milk

  2. Aids in sexual stimulation.
• Lymph nodes –present in both male and female breast
• Nipple – center of the breast-contains lactiferous duct which milk passes through.
• Areola- surrounds the nipple (1-2cm. radius) contains elevated sebaceous gland

  (Montgomery Glands)-secrete protective lipids during lactation. Hair follicle commonly appear around the areola. Smooth musclein the areola cause nipple to contract and erect during stimulation
• Nipple and areola typically have darker pigmentation–increases during pregnancy.
• During embryonic stage - milk line or ridge extends from each axilla to groin area.
• Glandular tissue –allowing milk production, 15-20 lobes in circular fashion , lobes contains several lobule in which the secreting alveoli (acini Cell) are in grape-like cluster
• Mammary Duct- from alveoli converge into single lactiferous duct and conveys milk to the nipple. .
• Lactiferous sinus- storage of milk until stimulated to bereleased from the nipple.
• Fibrous tissue - supports the glandular tissue by way of band called Cooper ligaments( suspensory ligaments.)
• Fatty tissue - 3rd component of the breast- subcutaneous and retro mammary fats provides most substance to the breast determining the size and shape.
• label

  A) fibrous tissue

  B) glandular tissue

  C) fatty tissue

  
• Major axillary Lymph Nodes

  1. Anterior- (Pectoral)
  2. B. Posterior- (Subscapular)
  3. C. Lateral – (Brachial)
  4. D. Central- (mid axillary)
• Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)Breast examination performed by medicalprofessional
• Self-Breast Examination (SBE)

  Inspection and palpation of the breast by theclient/person
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)– a diagnostic test that can be used to detectcancer and other breast abnormalities.
• Mammography –X-ray used to screen breast for abnormalities.
• Needle biopsy -a needle is used to draw sample fluid and tissue from a lump to be studied.
• Menarche – the beginning of menstruation
• Paget disease - a form of cancer involving the nipple (first) and areola.
• Peau d’orange –”orange peel/orange skin” -appearance of breasts issue that is cause by edema from blocked lymph drainage.
• Puckering - changes in the skin texture on or around your breast.
• Contour – form or shape of the breast.
• Dimpling – dimples in the surface of the breast.
• Cyst – a cavity, sac or vesicle that contains liquid.
• Fibroadenoma – tumorformed of mixed fibrous and glandular tissue(solid). Lesions, lobular, ovoid or round, firm, well defined, seldom tender, usually single and mobile, commonly between puberty and menopause.
• Erythema – superficial reddening of the skin.- capillary congestion
• Gynecomastia– enlargement or swelling of male breast tissue.
• Hyperpigmentation – darkcolored patches of the skin.
• Lesion – wounds, injury,abrasion or cut in an organ or tissue.
• Axillary/Armpit lymph nodes

  • helps protect the body.
  • Lymph fluid draining from the breast, upper abdomen, arm, and neck pass through these bean-shaped nodes.
• Subclavicular – an area beneath the clavicle and collarbone.
• Supraclavicular – an area above the clavicle and collarbone.
• Tail of Spence - axillary tail extension of the tissue.