diss l1-2

• French sociologist. The creator of Structural  Functionalism


  David Émile Durkheim
• revolves around the notion that society is composed of a system of interconnected parts that have their own particular functions. 


  Structural Functionalism
• views societal living as shaped and guided by social structures, or the patterns of social relationships between groups or individuals


  Functionalism
• social structures formed among groups or institutions which include religion, education, tradition and culture.


  Macrostructures
• Established among individuals or within groups that result in individual interactions.


  Macrostructures
• Are the effects of social structures or their purpose


  Social Functions
• FUNCTIONALISM  finds it difficult to explain


  social change
• is the predicted intended, expected, and knowable effect of a social structure. 


  manifest function
•  is the unintended outcome of social structure. 


  Latent Function
•  is the predicted, expected, and knowable disruptions of a social structure. 


  Manifest Latent Dysfunctions
• is the unpredicted and unexpected disruption of social structures.


  Latent dysfunction
• provided an analysis of social evolution through his Law of Three Stages


  Auguste Comte
• considered as the precursor to structural functionalism, as he identified tradition and other social structures as elements in shaping the society. 


  Auguste Comte
• critique of the social structures and of how humans are shaped by progressive thinking. 


  the law of three stages
•  one of the primary contributors to the development of structural functionalism


  Talcotts Parson
• identified the different systems which make up the structure of society, which he called system levels


  Talcotts Parson
• what did talcotts parson expounded?

  the cultural system, personality system and biological system
• All these works and interact with each other in some level to provide structure to the society. 


  system levels
•  known for the functionalist theory of stratification or Davis-Moore hypothesis


  Kinsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
• suggests that social inequalities are necessary so that the society would function.


   functionalist theory of stratification or Davis-Moore hypothesis
• key contributor to the functionalist theory of society


  Robert Merton
•  the one who developed the concepts of manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions.


  Robert Merton
•  are American political scientist who applied structural functionalist theories in comparative politics.


  Gabriel Almond and Bingham Powell
• argued that the study of political system of different states must be done contextually.


  Almond and Powell
• highlighted the need to understand the institutions through which political systems were allowed to function.


  Almond and Powell
• Is a sociological, political and economic philosophy that is based on the ideas and theories of Karl Marx (1818-1883)


  marxism
• Karl Marx (Karl Heinrich Marx)


  Revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and economist
• Jenny von Westphalen


  much-admired woman, four years older than Karl;
• Marx befriended  - , a contributor who was to become his lifelong collaborator. 


  Friedrich Engels
• The introduction of machines enabled rapid advancements in the production process, which allowed fast market trade and consumption of goods. 


  Industrial Revolution
• cycle of production and consumption continued to create an economy, which became known as 


  Industrial Capitalism
• The Industrial Capitalism created two classes in the society


  Bourgeoisie, Proletariat
• Controls the means of production (factories, machines and land)


  Bourgeoisie
• • Who does not have access to such means of production, exchanges labor for wages. 


  Proletariat
• is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. 


  Social Inequalities
• The ruling class manipulates minds so that the masses will remain subservient


  ideological control
• Arises from the oppression of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie.


  class conflict or class struggle
• Is characterized by a classless society having common ownership of property and resources (means of production).


  Communist society
• Their most notable work together was the Communist Manifesto., published in 1848.


  mark and engels
• It provided a sociological perspective in the understanding of history.


  communist manifesto