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• Prevalence of Disease


  The total number of people infected within the population at any time
• Morbidity Rate


  The total number of persons infected by a disease within a period in a particular population
• Mortality Rate


  The rate of a disease defined as the total number of deaths
• Endemic


  The disease present continuously in the population of a particular geographic region
• Epidemic


  The disease suddenly occurs in a higher-than-normal incidence in a population
• Pandemic


  When an epidemic spreads worldwide
• Sporadic


  The disease occurs randomly and unpredictably
• Nosocomial Infection


  Hospital acquired infection (infections we're prone to acquire at the hospital)
• Main Modes of Transmission

  • Contact
  • Vector Borne
  • Air Borne
  • Droplet
  • Common Vehicle
• Thermal Death Point (TDP)


  The lowest temperature at which all the microbes in a liquid culture will be killed in 10 minutes
• Decimal Reduction Time (DRT)


  The length of time in which 90% of the bacterial population will be killed at a given temperature
• High Temperature Short Time (HTST)


  Pasteurization, high temperature used for a short time (72 C for 15 seconds) - to destroy pathogens w/o altering the flavor of the food. Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treatment (140 C for 3 seconds) used to sterilize dairy products
• Different methods that produce the same effect (reduction in microbial growth) are called equivalent treatments
• Dry heat


  Kills by oxidation
• Dessication


  In the absence of water MCO cannot grow but can remain viable. Viruses & endospores can resist desiccation
• Osmotic Pressure


  MCO in high concentrations of salts & sugars undergo plasmolysis. Molds & yeasts are more capable than bacteria of growing in materials with low moisture or high osmotic pressure