safety management 2

• Aquatic hazards and environmental hazards

  • Hypothermia
  • Diving-related sicknesses
  • Jellyfish
  • Sea urchins
  • Weever fish
  • Poison ivy/poison oak/poison sumac
  • Leeches
  • Snake bites
  • Drowning
• Hypothermia


  Abnormal low body temperature
• First aid for hypothermia

  1. Move the person to a sheltered area and restore warmth slowly

  2. Remove wet clothes and replace with dry clothes

  3. Wrap with a blanket or sleeping bag

  4. Exhale warm air near the vicinity of the patient's mouth and nose

  5. Find way for the victim to stay conscious
• Barotrauma


  Serious injury that can occur because of the pressure differences between the body's air-filled cavities and the water
• First aid for jellyfish sting


  1. Get the person out of the water

  2. Wash the area with sea water

  3. Wash with vinegar for at least 30 sec

  4. Soak the area in hot water (20 mins.)

  5. Cold packs can be used if the area cannot be soaked in hot water

  6. To relieve itching/swelling, use mild hydrocortisone cream, or oral antihistamine
• First aid for sea urchin injury

  1. Remove large spines carefully using tweezers

  2. Scrub the wounds with soap and rinse with fresh water

  3. Do not close the wound with tape
• First aid for poison ivy/poison oak/poison sumac

  1. Remove the stinging hairs

  2. Do not rub

  3. Wash the exposed area with soap and warm water (10 mins.)

  4. Remove contaminated clothing

  5. Apply cool compress 15-30 mins

  6. Avoid topical antihistamine, anesthetics, anti-biotic ointment

  7. Put calamine lotion

  8. If itchiness makes it difficult to sleep, give oral antihistamine
• Leeches are an aquatic hazard
• First aid for drowning

  ACT AND APPLY!