Biology Monday Quiz

• mesophytes -Plants that live in

  maintain osmotic pressure.

  hydrated soil
• cuticle - waxy outer coating
• xerophytes - plants that live in dry habitats
• halophytes - plants that live on salty environment
• Some species store salts in their roots so the low water potential will draw the solvent in via osmosis.
• hydrophytes - plant that live on water or damp environments
• Animals utilize an excretory system to control the amount of water loss. Plant cells rely on water that is lost to the vacuole to regulate cytoplasm environment and maintain osmotic pressure.
• protein metabolism also generates waste molecule which could disrupt osmotic pressure
• Marine invertebrates with body fluid that are generally hyperosmotic to their surroundings are called osmoconfermers.
• Marine vertebrates, birds and mammals, on the other

  hand are osmoregulators,

  because they keep the osmolarity of body fluids different from their environment.
• Chemical messengers ( hormones ) - plant's sensory response to external stimuli relies on
• Plant hormones - affect all aspects of plant life, secreted by a gland and affect from flowering to fruit setting and the specific target tissue or maturation, and from

  organ. The Endocrine and

  phototropism to leaf fall.
• Hormones - signaling molecules which are present in very small amounts, transported throughout the plant body, and only elicit in responses in cells which have the appropriate hormone receptor.
• xylem and phloem - In plants, hormones travel large throughout via the the vascular tissue.

  plasmodesmata - and cell to cell via
• Auxin - master growth regulator
• cytokinin - which is responsible cell division
• gibberellins - responsible for stem, fruit and seed growth
• abscisic acid - that causes dormancy of the plant
• ehtylene - promotes fruits ripening, flower wilting, and leaf fall
• systemin - anti herbivory hormone that activates plant responses to wounds from herbivores
• methyl salicylate - hormone for immunity that helps regulate responses to infection by parasites or pathogens
• hormones - are chemical messengers secreted by a gland and affect the specific target tissue or organ
• Feedback mechanism - the endrocine and nervous system coordinate with each other through series of
• Feedback mechanism - a mechnism or a signal that tends to initiate or (accelerate) or inhibit ( to slow down) a process
• Hypothalamus - governs physiologic functions such as temperature regulation, thrist, hunger, sleep, mood, sex drive and release of other hormones within the body
• anterior pituitary gland

  Growth hormone - stimulates growth
• Anterior pituitary gland

  adrenocorticotrophic hormone - regulates level of steroids hormone cortisol, which released from adrenal gland
• parathyroid gland

  parathyroid hormone - increases blood Ca 2+
• thyroid gland - produces thyroxine that increases metabolic rate and heart rate
• Adrenal glands

  epinephrine - produces many effects realted to short term response
• adrenal glands

  cortisol - produces many effects related to short term responses
• adrenal glands

  aldosterone - increases reabsorption of Na + by kidneys
• Pancreas

  islets of langerhans insulin - blood glucose
• pancreas

  glucagon -increases blood glucose kidneys
• pancreas

  erythropoietin - increases synthesis of red blood cells vitamin d and decrease blood Ca2+
• Ovaries

  Estradiol - regulates development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics in females; other effects;
• ovaries

  Progesterone-prepares uterus for pregnancy;
• Testes

  testosterone - regulates development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics in males; other effects
• nerve net - All animals have a true nervous system except sea sponges.

  Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, lack a true brain but have a system of separate but connected neurons called
• nerves - Echinoderms, such as sea stars, have neurons that are bundled into fibers called