TEST 9

• Lymphatic System


  tissues, vessels, transport lymph fats and lipid-soluble vitamins, carries out immune response build on adaptive immunity,
• What is the differene between Lymphatic organs and lymphatic tissues

  lymphatic organs are lage masses of tissues w/ capsule
• What are the secondary organs

  spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, MALT
• What are the Primary Organs and their function?

  Red Bone Marrow (Pre-B and T cells) + Thymus (T cells) turn immunocompetent
• Spleen


  Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
• Lymph nodes


  600 Bean shaped composed of stroma (support) and Parenchyma w/ a subscapular, trabecular, nd medullary sinus
• What is the function of lymph nodes in the body?


  They function as filters for lymph and as sites of T and B cell activation
• Tonsils


  secondary lymph organs, masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
• secondary lymphatic organs


  Spleen, Mucosa Associated Lymphatic tissue
• What is the Cisterna Chyli?

  an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct
• What is the function of the Cisterna Chyli?

  to serve as a storage area for lymph moving toward its point of entry into the venous system
• Lacteals


  Absorb fat as chylomicron and bring it to the cisterna chylu
• Right Lymphatic duct


  connects to the right subclavian vein and drains blood from the right portion of the body -
• What is the lymphatic capillary


  Sandwiched between cells, large in diameter = more permeable, lined with endothelial cells
• Name every single component of the lymphatic system from leg to neck


  Red bone marrow, small intestine (MALT), Cisterna Chyli, Spleen, Thoracic duct, Thymus, L & R subclavian vein, Lymph nodes, palatine tonsils
• When the capillaries merge, what do they become

  the lymphatic vessels
• lymphatic vessels


  large vessels with valves, which collect and carry lymph to lymph nodes
• Where does lymph travel after vessels?

  Nodes and then into trunks
• What are the principal lymph trunks

  lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, and jugular trunks
• Lumbar Trunk


  drains lymph from the lower limbs, lower abdominal wall, and pelvic organs, kidneys and adrenal glans
• Intestinal Trunk


  drains lymph from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and part of the liver
• Bronchomediastinal Trunk


  thoracic wall, lungs, heart
• Subclavian Trunks


  upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thoracic wall
• Jugular Trunks


  Head and Neck region
• What do the lymph trunk merge to form?

  thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
• What happens when the interstitial fluid has too much pressure

  it swells, and the anchored filaments pull the cells apart, brings fluid into lymph vessel
• Describe the routes of drainage for the left side of the body


  Intestinal trunk, right & left lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left bronchomediastinal trunk, left subclavian trunk, left jugular trunk, (left lymphatic duct)
• Describe the routes of drainage for the right side

  Right bronchomediastinal + Right subclavian trunk + Right jugular trunk = "right subclavian duct"
• Describe the Formation and Flow of Lymph

  Blood Plasma --> Interstitial Fluid -->Lymphatic capillaries --> afferent lymphatic vessels --> lymph nodes --> efferent lymphatic vessels --> lymph vessels --> lymph ducts
• How does lymph move?

  Skeletal Muscle Pump (muscle contraction causes the valve closures) and the Respiratory Pump (alternate compressions of the lungs through exhalation and inhalation)
• Red Bone Marrow


  Pre-T cells, mature B cells, Stem Cells
• Thymus


  Pre-T cells, bilobal w/ trabeculae, located in the mediastinum, composed of a cortex and medulla
• Lymphatic nodules


  masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule
• What are examples of Lymphatic nodules?

  Peyer's patches, tonsils, appendix, MALT in GI, vagina, urinary tract, reproductive and respiratory system
• What are lymph nodes


  small bean shaped clumps of lymphatic tissue located at intervals along the vessels
• How many Lymph nodes do we have?

  600-700
• Stroma


  supporting framework of the lymph nodes
• Outer cortex of the Lymph nodes

  Germinal Center in secondary lymphatic nodule,

  
  

  B cells, Follicular (dendritic cells), and macrophages
• What type of cells are found in the germinal center of the outer cortex?

  B cells (transform into either plasma or memory B cells)
• What is the role of follicular dendritic cells in the germinal center of the outer cortex?

  Collect antigens