The Family

• How does the family influence Gender Identity

  Ann Oakley - family socialises children into gender roles

  • Manipulation,   encouraging gender specific behaviours 
  • Verbal Appellations,   different tones of speech depending on a child’s gender
  • Differentiated Activities,   encouragement into different gender stereotyped activities
  • Canalisation,   channelling children’s interests towards gender specific toys
• Give an example of gender role manipulation by the family

  Daughters to look after appearance 
• Give an example of how the family uses verbal appellations to enforce gender roles

  ‘daddy’s little princess’ or ‘boys don’t cry’
• Give an example of how the family uses differentiated activities to enforce gender roles

  Girls stay inside cooking and boys to play outdoors
• Give an example of how the family uses canalisation to enforce gender roles

  girls to play with dolls (nurturing), boys to construction (masculine)
• What is the Family as an agent of socialisation

  Primary agent of socialisation teaches initial norms and values to children, this can affect them positively or negatively through the use of sanctions as social control
• How does the Family use imitation of role models

  Children copying the behaviours of parents or older siblings e.g. copying how parents use cutlery during meal times