lesson 7- Psychological Disorders

Cards (56)

  • Psychopathology (mental illness)

    Study of mental illness and its causes. It is often seen as a failure to adapt to the environment
  • Mental Disorders in Canada (stats 2022)
    Over 5 million Canadians (18%) aged 15 and older met the diagnostic criteria for a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder in the previous 12months
  • What defines a mental disorder?
    1. Statstaical rarity
    2. Subjective distress
    3. Impairment
    4. Biological Dysfunction
    5. Societal disapproval
  • Statistical rarity
    Criterion for mental disorders based on uncommon occurrence
  • Subjective distress
    Criterion for mental disorders based on feelings of pain and suffering
  • Impairment
    Criterion for mental disorders based on interference with daily functioning
  • Biological Dysfunction
    Criterion for mental disorders based on physiological system breakdowns
  • Societal Disapproval
    Criterion for mental disorders based on deviation from social norms
  • DSM-V
    Diagnostic manual for mental disorders by the American Psychiatric Association
  • Inter-rater reliability
    Consistency of diagnoses between different clinicians
  • Comorbidity
    Presence of two or more disorders in the same individual
  • Categorical model

    Classification of disorders into distinct categories
  • Dimensional model

    View of disorders as existing on a continuum of severity
  • Medicalizing normality
    Process of labeling normal behaviors as pathological
  • Anxiety
    Emotion characterized by worry and somatic symptoms
  • Fear
    Response to immediate threat, different from anxiety
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

    Persistent worry, tension, and irritability across various areas.
    - 60% of each day worrying
    - Female 〉Male
  • Panic Disorder

    Recurrent panic attacks with persistent fear of future attacks
  • Phobias
    Intense fear of specific objects or situations
  • agoraphobia
    fear of being in a place or situation from which escape isdifficult or embarrassing.
  • Specific Phobia
    fear of objects, places, or situations.
  • Social Anxiety Disorder

    Intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations.
    - public speaking
    - meeting new ppl
    - eating in public
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

    Marked by obsessions and compulsions causing distress.
    - 1 hr a day
  • Common Obsesson
    - Contamination or germs
    - Accidental harm to self or others
    - Forbidden thoughts (sex, aggression, religion/blasphemy)
    - Symmetry and exactness
    - Need for perfection
  • common compulsions
    - Hand-washing Repetitive cleaning of already clean things
    - Rechecking of locks, windows, faucets, oven
    - Performing tasks in set ways, arranging/rearranging, counting, tapping/touching
    - mental rituals
  • Hoarding Disorder
    Excessive acquisition of unnecessary items with difficulty discarding
  • Learning Models of Anxiety
    Acquisition and maintenance of anxiety through conditioning
  • Cognitive Factors

    Thinking styles and attentional focus affecting anxiety
  • catastrophic thinking
    predicting terrible events despite low probability.
  • Anxiety Sensitivity

    negative misinterpretation/fear of minor physical symptom
  • Biological Influences
    Genetic and neurochemical factors influencing anxiety disorders
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

    Common mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness
  • major depressive episode
    (5 or more symptoms for at least 2 weeks)
  • Major Depression Characteristics
    Includes recurrent episodes lasting 6 months to 1 year.
  • Recurrent Episodes
    Experiencing 5-6 episodes of major depression in a lifetime.
  • Depressive Realism
    Having a more accurate view of circumstances.
  • Learned Helplessness
    Tendency to feel helpless in uncontrollable situations.
  • Cognitive Distortions
    Includes selective abstraction and overgeneralization.
  • Bipolar Disorder

    Involves depressive and manic episodes.
  • Manic Episode
    Characterized by elevated mood, decreased need for sleep.