lecture 8-Treatment of Psychological Disorders

• Psychotherapy


  Psychological intervention to resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems.
• Telehealth


  Therapy sessions conducted remotely via digital communication.
• Bibliotherapy


  Use of self-help books for therapeutic purposes.
• Feeling Good by David Burns

  A self-help book shown to reduce depression scores in participants.
• Insight Therapies


  Therapies focusing on enhancing self-knowledge for behavioral change.
• Psychodynamic Therapies


  Therapies analyzing unconscious material to address symptoms.
• Freud's Psychoanalysis


  Therapeutic method aiming to bring repressed thoughts to consciousness.
• Six key components of psychoanalysis

  1. Free association

  2. Dream analysis

  3. Interpretation

  4. Resistance

  5. Transference

  6. Working through
• Free Association


  Technique to express thoughts without censorship in therapy.
• Dream Analysis


  Interpreting symbolic content of dreams to reveal unconscious emotions.
• Interpretation


  therapists formulate explanations from the free association, dreams, or behaviours
• Resistance


  attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncoveringpreviously repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulses.
• Transference


  Projecting past feelings onto the therapist in therapy.
• Working through


  projecting intense, unrealistic feelings, and expectations from the past onto the therapist.
• Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)


  Short-term therapy focusing on interpersonal problems and transitions.
• Humanistic Psychotherapy


  Therapies emphasizing human potential and personal responsibility.
• Person-centered Therapy


  Therapy emphasizing empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.
• Empathy via Reflection


  Therapist mirrors and clarifies client statements to show understanding.
• Individual Therapy


  One-on-one therapy focusing on the therapeutic alliance with the client.
• Group Therapy


  Therapy involving multiple clients for support and shared experiences.
• Family Therapy


  Therapy focusing on family dynamics and relationships.
• Behavioural Therapies


  Therapies targeting specific maladaptive behaviors for change.
• Exposure Therapy


  Therapy confronting fears to reduce anxiety responses.
• Systematic Desensitization


  Therapeutic technique teaching relaxation to reduce anxiety responses.
• Classical Conditioning


  Learning process associating two stimuli to produce a learned response.
• Operant Conditioning


  Learning process reinforcing or punishing behaviors to modify them.
• Observational Learning


  Learning by observing others' behaviors and consequences.
• Visual Imagery


  Creating mental images to aid relaxation and desensitization.
• Progressive Muscle Relaxation


  Systematic tensing and relaxing of muscle groups to reduce anxiety.
• Anxiety Hierarchy


  List of anxiety-inducing situations ranked from least to most distressing.
• Flooding


  Exposure to feared stimuli for prolonged periods to reduce anxiety.
• Response Prevention


  Therapists prevent patients from engaging in avoidance behaviors.
• Participant Modeling


  Therapist demonstrates and guides client through problematic situations.
• Token Economies


  Reward system using tokens to reinforce desirable behaviors.
• Aversion Therapies


  Using punishment to reduce undesirable behaviors; e.g., Antabuse.
• Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments


  Focus on identifying and modifying irrational beliefs for psychological health.
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)


  Ellis' approach to disputing and replacing irrational beliefs.
• Cognitive Therapy


  Identifying and changing distorted thoughts and core beliefs.
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)


  Third wave CBT focusing on accepting difficult thoughts and feelings.
• Psychopharmacotherapy


  Using medications to directly alter brain chemistry for treatment.