Respiratory System

• What are the parts of the respiratory system?

  Nasal passage, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchial tubes, lung, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm

  
• What are the main breathing mechanisms for the five vertebrates (Fish, Amphibian, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals)?

  1.Fish - Gills

  2.Amphibian - Gills (young), lung/skin (adult)

  3.Reptiles - Lungs

  4.Birds - Lungs

  5.Mammals - Lungs
• What is gas exchange?

  Taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies.
• What is the oxygen used for?

  Cellular respiration
• What is cellular respiration?

  Process of combining sugar with oxygen to give energy to the body's cells
• Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

  It is a waste produce of cellular respiration
• What is diffusion?

  Diffusion is the movement of gases or dissolved substance (sometime across a membrane) from a high to low concentration.
• How does oxygen get from the lungs into the cells?

  1.Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs

  2.O2 diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream

  3.O2 is carried by red blood cells (RBC), on an iron-containging molecule called hemoglobin

  4.O2 diffuses from the RBCs into the mitochondria to perform cellular respiration

  5.The waste product of this process is called carbon dioxide.
• How does the carbon dioxide get from the cells into the lungs?

  1.Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells into the bloodstream

  2.Co2 carried to the lungs

  3.Co2 diffuses into the lungs

  4.Co2 is exhaled out of the body by lungs
• How are the lungs adapted for Gas Exchange?

  1.Large surface area: The alveoli provides more surface area for efficent gas exchange

  2.Thin walls: The walls of the alveoli are one cell thick, meaning gases only need to diffuse a short distance

  3.Moist: gases dissolve in the moisture making it easier for them to diffuse

  4.Good blood flow: The alveoli are surrounded by small blood vessels
• What do the alveoli and blood capillaries have in common and why?

  1.Both involved in gas exchange through diffusion

  2.O2+Co2 pass through both

  3.Very small with thin walls + there are many
• Where does the gas exchange happen?

  Bloodstream and capillaries
• What is Asthma?

  Asthma affects the bronchioles, the airways can become inflamed, swollen, and constricted (narrowed), and excess mucus is produced.
• What are the symptoms of asthma attack?

  1.Wheezing

  2.Tight chest

  3.Diffuculty breathing
• How can asthma symptoms be treated?

  Relievers (lets you breath the medicine in through your mouth, directly into your lungs)
• To where is the oxygen transported?

  Mitochondria in the body cell
• Do the lungs themselves have any muscle to allow expansions and contraction?

  No
• Where is the diaphragm located?

  Under the lungs
• What type of tissue is the diaphragm made of?

  Muscle
• What is the job of the diaphragm?

  1.To inflate or delfate the lung

  2.To help the lungs to inhale O2 and exhale Co2
• How does the diaphragm work to do this job?

  The diaphragm contracts, and creates a vacuum to allow air inside the lungs. Then the diaphragm rises and force air to leave out of the lungs.