circulatory system

• Cardiovascular system


  Transport system of the body

  
• Components of the cardiovascular system

  • Blood
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels

  
• Blood

  • Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Carries nutrients and wastes
• Heart

  • Pumps blood through blood vessels

  
• Blood vessels

  • Transport blood

  
• Functions of the cardiovascular system

  • Transport nutrients
  • Remove waste products
  • Gaseous exchange
  • Immunity
• Blood cells


  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  • Leucocytes (white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
• Plasma


  Fluid portion of blood
• Heart


  • Four chambered, hollow muscular organ approximately the size of a fist
  • Located superior to the diaphragm, left of the midline, anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum
• Blood vessels


  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
• Arteries


  • Thick walled tubes
  • Contain elastic fibers
  • Contain circular smooth muscle
• Capillaries


  • One cell thick
  • Serve the respiratory system
• Veins


  • Draining channels
• Open circulatory system


  Blood bathes the organs directly, no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
• Closed circulatory system


  Blood is confined to vessels and distinct from interstitial fluid, more efficient at transporting fluids
• Types of vertebrate circulatory systems

  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Systemic circulation

  
• Pulmonary circulation


  • Moves blood between the heart and lungs, transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart
• Systemic circulation


  • Moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body, sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

  
• Composition of blood

  • Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
  • White blood cells (leukocytes)
  • Platelets (thrombocytes)
  • Plasma
• Red blood cells


  • Most abundant blood cells
  • Formed in red bone marrow
  • Mature forms lack a nucleus
  • Biconcave disk shape
  • Life span of 120 days
  • Contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
• White blood cells


  • Largest blood cells
  • Lowest numbers in the blood
  • Formed in red bone marrow and lymph glands
  • Primary cells of the immune system
  • Contain nuclei with DNA
  • Life span from 24 hours to several years
  • Size 8-20 micrometers
• Platelets


  • Smallest blood cells
  • Formed in red bone marrow
  • Round, oval or spiky shape
  • Life span of 8-12 days
  • Involved in blood clotting and repairing damaged vessels
• Blood clotting


  Process that stops blood loss from wounds
• ABO blood types

  • A
  • B
  • AB
  • O
• Antigen


  Substance that can trigger the production of antibodies
• Antibody


  Proteins produced by the immune system that destroy foreign substances
• The heart is the most important muscle in the body, you cannot live without it
• Heart


  • A pump with two sides, the right side receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it around the body

  
• The heart lies beneath the sternum in the mediastinum, between the second and sixth ribs
• The heart is the most important muscle in the body
• You cannot live without a heart
• The heart


  A pump or two pumps in one. The right side receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it around the body.

  
• The heart


  • About the size of a closed fist
  • Lies beneath the sternum in the mediastinum, between the second and sixth ribs
• When cardiac arrest occurs, it is essential to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within two minutes. After three minutes, global cerebral ischemia can lead to progressively worsening brain injury. By nine minutes, severe and irreversible brain damage is likely.
• Amazing facts about the human heart

  • The heart is about the same size as your fist
  • The heart beats on average 70 times per minute; 4,200 beats per hour; 100,000 beats per day; 365 million beats per year; 30 billion beats in an average life time of 80 years
  • An adult heart pumps 7,500 liters of blood daily
  • It takes about 20 seconds to pump blood to every cell in your body
  • Blood is cleaned in the kidneys
  • If you lined up all the blood vessels in your body end-to-end, they would wrap around the earth twice

  
• Responsibilities of the heart

  • Provides oxygen and nutrients to our cells to keep us alive
  • Carries away wastes from these active cells to special organs (such as the kidneys) that rid them from our bodies
• The heart muscle


  • It is an involuntary muscle
  • The human heart averages one hundred thousand beats daily
  • With each beat, the heart fills with blood and then contracts to pump the blood through the body

  
• Structure of the heart

  • Surrounded by a sac called the pericardium
  • Has a wall made up of three layers: the myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium

  
• Parts of the heart

  • Atria (two chambers on top that fill with blood)
  • Ventricles (two chambers on the bottom that pump the blood out of the heart)
  • Septum (thick wall of muscle that separates the left and right sides of the heart)
  • Valves (flaps of tissue that open and close to keep blood flowing in the right direction)

  
• Atria


  The heart's entryways for blood. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from other parts of the body.