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PHARM114
PHARM 114 (SEMIs)
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GROUP IIA: ALKALINE EARTH METALS Members
Beryllium (Be)
Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (CA)
Strontium (Sr)
Barium (Ba)
Radium (Ra)
BERYLLIUM
Never employed in medicine because it is the most toxic metal
MAGNESIUM
Lightest of all structurally important metal
2 most abundant intracellular cation
Chlorophyll component
Compound of Grignard's reagent
Natural Sources of Magnesium
As
silicates
(talc, asbestos)
As
CO
, (magnesite, dolomite)
As
SO
, (kieserite)
Pharmacologic Action of Magnesium
Laxative
Depressant
Natural
Calcium-channel
Blocker
Other Use of Magnesium
Flares
Antidote for Mg Poisoning
Ca Gluconate
Important Compounds of Magnesium
Magnesium Carbonate
(
MgCO3
)
Magnesium Hydroxide
[
Mg(OH)2]
Magnesium Oxide
(
MgO
)
Magnesium Trisilicate
[
2MgO-2SiO2*nH₂O]
Magnesium Sulfate
(
MgSO4
)
Hydrated Magnesium Silicate
Magnesium Citrate [
Mg3(C6H5O7)2]
Magnesium Stearate
Magnesium Nitrate Reagent
Magnesia Mixture
(MgCl2 + NH4Cl +
Ammonia
)
Magnesium Carbonate (
MgCO3
)
Antacid
,
Laxative
Magnesium Hydroxide [
Mg(OH)2
]
Antacid,
Laxative
, causes
Diarrhea
Magnesium Oxide (
MgO
)
Antacid,
Laxative
, component of
Universal Antidote
Magnesium Trisilicate
[
2MgO-2SiO2*nH₂O
]
Antacid (Advatage: has
prolong
effect due to
Gelatinous
consistency of preparation)
Magnesium Sulfate (
MgSO4
)
Anticonvulsant (IM),
Cathartic
(PO), Antidote for
Barium Toxicity
Hydrated Magnesium Silicate
Adsorbent,
Filtering Aid
, Clarifying Agent,
Dusting powder
Magnesium Nitrate Reagent
Solution containing
Mg(NO3)2
, NHẠC & a little
ammonia
Magnesia Mixture (MgCl2 + NH4Cl + Ammonia)
Used to test
Arsenic
Flash Light Powders
Mixtures of
Potassium Chlorate
or Barium Peroxide &
Powdered Magnesium
CALCIUM (Ca)
2
most abundant Extracellular
Cation
Vitamin
D
is needed for its maximum absorption
Causes
permanent
hardness of
water
An ion plays a significant role in
neurotransmitter
release
Pharmacologic Action of Calcium
Blood Coagulation
Important
Muscle Contraction
Important Release of
Neurotransmitter
Cation of
Hydroxyapatite
(Primary Element of bones & teeth-98-99%)
Deficiency State of Calcium
Osteoporosis
(bone density)
Osteomalacia
(adults)
Ricketts
(Infants/Children)
Hypocalcemia
(tetany -tonic spasm ofmuscles)
Important Compounds of Calcium
Calcium
Bromide
(CaBr₂)
Calcium
Carbonate
(CaCO3)
Calcium
Chloride
(CaCl2)
Calcium
Guconate
Calcium
Hydroxide
[Ca(OH)2]
Calcium
Lactate
[Ca(C,H50,2]
Calcium
Phosphate
monobasic (CaHPO₂+2H₂O)
Dibasic
Calcium Phosphate (CaHPO4)
Calcium Phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2]
Calcium
Oxide
(CaO)
Calcium
Hypochlorite
[Ca(CIO)2]
Calcium
Sulfate
[CaSO4 % H20 or 2H2O)
Calcium Carbonate
(CaCO3)
Antacid, Carbonic Acid, Calcium Salt, Creta Praecipitata,
Ingredient of toothpaste
,
dentrices
Calcium
Chloride
(CaCl2)
Ca replenisher
, Fosforo de
Homberg
Calcium Gluconate
Ca
supplement and replenisher,
Heart
failure
Calcium Hydroxide
[
Ca(OH)2
]
Antacid
,
Saponifying
agent
Calcium Lactate [Ca(C2H5O2)2]
Ca supplement
Calcium Phosphate monobasic (
CaHPO₂
+
2H₂O
)
Source of
Ca
and
PO4
Calcium Oxide
(CaO)
Lime,
quicklime
, calx, Component of Bordeux mixture,
Insecticide
Calcium Phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2]
Bone ash
,
Antacid
Calcium Hypochlorite [Ca(CIO)2]
Chlorinated lime,
Chloride
of lime, Disinfectant,
Bleaching
agent
Calcium Sulfate [CaSO4 % H20 or 2H2O)
Gypsum, Terra alba, Satin Spar,
Alabaster Light
, Rodenticide, Prep of surgical casts and
dental impressions
Plaster of Paris
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate
STRONTIUM (Sr)
Can replace
Calcium
in
bone formation
Radioactive
used in
diagnostic
to scan &study bones
Used to
hasten
bone (mineralization in diseases such as
Osteoporosis
)
Salts
are used in
Red Pyrotechniques
(Flares)
Important Compounds of Strontium
Strontium
Chloride
(SrCl₂)
Strontium
Lactate
Strontium Chloride (SrCl₂)
Temperature desensitizing agent
(Sensodyne")
Strontium Lactate
Used in treatment of
osteoporosis
BARIUM
(
Ba
)
Salts are used in
Green
Pyrotechniques
Is an
insoluble
phosphates
Toxicity:
Baritosis
Antidote:
Magnesium
Sulfate (
Epsom
Salt)
Important Compounds of Barium
Barium
Sulfate
(BaSO4)
Barium
Hydroxide
(Ba(OH)2)
Barium Sulfate
(
BaSO4
)
Radiopaque substances used for
GIT
imaging, causes
Constipation
Barium Hydroxide
(
Ba(OH)2
)
CO₂
absorbent
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