chapter 3 s + society

• pre industrial society


  pre 1780
• pre industrial society characteristics

  communications and transport was limited, widespread illiteracy, cruel and violent societies, limited free time as work was on the land, class divisions clear, people lived in the country
• feudal system


  way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour
• popular recreation


  sport or past times of people in pre-industrial Britain
• Popular

  Local

  Uncodified

  Courtly

  Irregular

  Cruel

  Rural

  Occupational (often)

  Wagering
• PLUCI CROW for pre industrial / popular sport
• mob football


  unruly form of football played by the lower class
• real tennis


  upper class activity of the time, with strict rules and moral code
• mob football was highly violent, male dominated and unruly in nature, which reflected living conditions and society at the time
• real tennis was exclusive for the upper class males of society, had a high moral code so it lacked violence and opponents respected each other, upper class could play on a regular basis and purpose built facilities were available
• rational recreation


  sport past times for the lower classes which were designed by the middle classes to be well ordered, organised and controlled
• during industrialisation, urbanisation occurred as the lower class moved from countryside to cities to take up new jobs in factories and became the working class, they suffered from poor health due to living and working conditions in newly crowded cities
• middle class were self-made men who took advantage of new business opportunities available during the industrial revolution, had less money than upper class but education allowed them to take up prominent roles in society
• middle class became factory owners, clergy and officers in the army, these roles put them in positions where they oversaw and had control to help the working class
• industrialisation brought along the 3 tier system, working class, middle class, and upper class, opposed to the 2 tier system pre-industrialisation where it was just the working class and the upper class
• during industrialisation urbanisation increased, transport and communication developed, public schools and universities were established, development of 3 tier class system arose, NGB's were being established, and local authorities were being established
• jobs in factories were poorly paid and required people to work long hours, loss of rights with poor working conditions such as dangerous unhygienic living system which lead to disease
• factory owners wanted a healthier, more productive work force to improved conditions and shortened the working week, factory owners made factory teams which would play on a Saturday afternoon, and improved transport allowed them to travel for these fixtured
• social reforms led to paid holiday, better working conditions, public parks, which enabled more working-class opportunities to play sports
• reduction of working hours and increases leisure time whilst being paid gave people more time to attend matches and participate, and have the money to spend on sport
• improved transport allowed easier access to sports as a player or a spectator at a regional or national level, improved communication allowed the promotion of role models and higher awareness of sporting events
• more urbanisation lead to a need for alternative forms of sport to be developed due to a lack of space and a large population, mob sports could not be played in cities so purpose built stadiums for rational sports had to be built
• the british empire increased the spread of modern sport across the world, and imported new sports from around the world
• developing NGB's allowed more organised competitions and leagues to occur, rules were standardised and the game became more professional with regular fixtures and a high skill level was developed
• impact of developing professionals made sport more exciting to watch as there was a higher standard for play, people had a local team and local stars to support
• the church was highly influential in people's lives during the 1780-1900, local authorities introduced public services and facilities, development of transport saw the introduction of a railway network to allow access to different parts of the country
• the church set up football teams / sunday school teams and provided facilities such as pitches for football, local authorities provided parks were football could be played and public baths for hygiene.
• development of railways allowed football fixtures to be played further afield and over greater distances, newspapers allowed for fixtures and results to be published
• the church saw the worth in sport as a way to develop the healthy body healthy mind Christianity and encouraged parishioners to engage in sport and avoid being tempted into evils such as drinking or gambling
• church teams entered leagues and competitions ensuring regular play and contributing to increasing the standard of play and increased the popularity of sports such as football
• local authorities providing parks ensure everyone had access to facilities so sports could be played recreational , and provision of public baths improved hygiene which meant that working class men had better health and therefore better energy to engage in football more regularly
• newspapers saw a rise in the popularity of the sport as role models inspired participation and spectators became more informed about sports, improved communication meant people could follow a team, increasing viewers leading to commercialisation and professionalism
• improved transport and communication helped people spread the codified rules so teams at a regional and national level played by the same rules
• at the start of the 19th century development of factories had a negative impact on physical activity of the working class because poor health meant that working class were not well enough to do sport, long hours limited time, low wages meant they had limited income to pay for sport, lack of space meant they had no space to be physically active
• by the end of the 19th century the factory owners took an interest in the health and well being of their workforce which meant that they were healthy enough to play in their teams
• factory owners 1850-1900 gave work force time off to be active at weekends with broken time payments available, the owners became the middle class and became patrons for working class sport, they provided facilities as well
• era of social reform came with the changes in society during the industrial revolution as the role of education acts and the importance of ex-public school boys became politicians
• society


  organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common intrest
• socialisation


  lifelong process where members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society, can be divided into primary and secondary socialisation
• primary socialisation


  socialisation during early childhood through influence of immediate family, key process involved is internalisation of society's culture where individuals absorb and accept its shared norms and values