Case study Brazil

• Migration has contributed to the economic growth and development of Brazil over time
• current patterns of immigration and emigration

  -increased numbers of migration between Brazil and its neighbouring countries

  -slowing down of emigration of lower skilled economic migrants to the USA

  -increased emigration of highly skilled workers to USA and japan

  -strong and continuing internal iteration from the northeast to the cities of the south east
• Changes in immigration over time

  -during late 19th century Brazil was a net recipient of migrants, there were periods where Europeans were attracted to work in the agriculture sector especially coffee cultivation

  -immigration into brazils has slowed in the in the last 15 years

  -many Brazilians of Japanese descent having strong cultural links have emigrated to japan encourages by the employment opportunities
• connection an to Portugal

  -have a long standing bilateral relationship on a political, social and economic basis

  -Brazil was former colony of Portugal

  -for economic migrants, Portugal has become a gateway for entry to the eu

  -the shared language, ancestry and family ties contribute to the ease
• connection to the usa

  -important in political, socio-economic and environmental terms

  -returning migrants having acquired skills and knowledge are able to contribute to Brazilian development

  -highly skilled Brazilians are finding work in the USA especially in the service sector

  -have strong links in education and teacher training

  -usa have negotiated agreements with Brazil regarding agriculture, trade, finance, education and defence
• connection to Haiti

  -has developed a political, economic and humanitarian relationship with Haiti

  -haitian immigrants can obtain visas relatively easily and therefore can reduce vulnerability to trafficking networks

  -Haitians attempt to escape the political instability, unemployment, poverty and poor access to education
• The economic development impact of migration

  -waves of immigration in different periods have contributed to the growth in agriculture and manufacturing sectors

  -recent arrival of highly skilled professionals with employment contracts have contributed to entrepreneurship, innovation and reducing gaps in the labour markert
• the political stability impact of migration

  -there are stable political relationships between Brazil and the countries they have bilateral migrant flows with

  -important receiver of environmental and political refugees and as a stable government they accept responsibility for their welfare
• impacts on social equality from migration

  -there are inequalities in Brazilian society between different ethnic groups

  -there’s inequalities in housing, access to services, education attainment and income.