WEEK 11

• Code of Ethics


  An articulation of nine provisions for professional values and moral obligations with respect to nurse patients and co-workers' relationships
• Honor human dignity

  • Respect, communication, competency, and ability
  • Respect to client
  • Use therapeutic communication
  • Show competence and ability
  • Value-based education to enhance academic achievements and social relationships, and develop responsibility
• Nurse-patient boundaries


  • Educator maintains appropriate professional boundaries and ensures relationship is for the benefit of the client
  • Recognize potential vulnerability of the client and must not exploit their trust and dependency
• Code of Ethics


  An articulation of nine provisions for professional values and moral obligations with respect to nurse patients and co-workers' relationships
• Honor human dignity

  • Respect, communication, competency, and ability
  • Respect to client
  • Use therapeutic communication
  • Show competence and ability
  • Value-based education to enhance academic achievements, social relationships, and responsibility
• Nurse-patient boundaries


  • Educator maintains appropriate professional boundaries and ensures relationship is for the benefit of the client
  • Recognize potential vulnerability of the client and must not exploit their trust and dependency
• Privacy and confidentiality


  • Privacy is the ability of an individual to seclude themselves or information about themselves
  • Confidentiality means not telling anyone what a patient has said and their details other than those who need to know it
• Accountable for actions


  • Accountable for anything told or delivered to learner
  • Aware of gestures or expressions during health education
  • Should not allow others to deliver sensitive or complex information
• Maintain competence, safety and integrity and personal growth


  • Competent during health education delivery
  • Adhere strictly to moral and ethical principles
  • Deliver high quality of care and service
• Contributes to advancement of his profession


  • Raise awareness of the importance of education
  • Continuous learning
  • Continue to seek knowledge
• Participates in global efforts for health promotion and prevention


  • Increase knowledge of learners to reduce health disparities
  • Inform about health issues and prevention
• Involve in professional nursing organization


  • Promote professional growth towards attainment of highest standards of nursing
  • Articulate nursing values and maintain integrity of profession
  • Integrate principles of social justice into nursing and health policy
• Application of Ethical Principles of Patient Education

  • Autonomy
  • Veracity
  • Confidentiality
  • Non-maleficence
  • Beneficence
  • Justice
• The Student-Teacher Relationship


  • The teacher possesses discipline-specific responses which is the key to students' academic success, career achievement and competent care of patients
  • Potential blurring of professional-personal boundaries
• The patient-provider relationship


  • Balance of power that exists between a nurse to a nursing student and a patient
  • Ethics of being a patient includes respecting nurses and trusting them to have the best interest
  • Care rendered to patients as being ethical task
  • Patients have a moral claim on the nurse competence
• Legality of Patient Education and Information

  • Patients' bill of rights is the right of the patient to adequate information regarding his physical condition, medication, risk, and access to information regarding alternative treatment
  • The Joint Commission (TJC) stated that the patient right to education and information
  • The Joint Commission International (JCI) extends the joint commissions' mission worldwide by assisting international healthcare organizations, public health agencies, health ministries, and others to improve the quality and safety of patient care in more than 100 countries including the Philippines
  • The state regulation pertaining to patient's education are published and enforced
  • Physicians are responsible and accountable for proper patient education
  • Patient education is central to culture of nursing as well as to its legal practice
• Legal and Financial Implication of Documentation

  • To qualify for Medicare (insurance program) and medic-aid (assistance program) reimbursement; the hospital has to show evidence that patient education has been a part of patient care
  • Respondeat superior provides that the employer may be held liable from negligence, assault, and battery, false imprisonment, slander, libel, and tort
• Identification of patient and family education is based on

  • Readiness to learn
  • Obstacles to learning (language, sensory visual or hearing, low literacy, cognitive deficit
  • Referrals, which include a patient advocate or ethic committee
• Factors that Affect Obtaining Informed Consent

  • Patient comprehension
  • Patient use of disclosed information
  • Patient autonomy
  • Demands on providers
  • Physician meeting minimum standards
• Informed consent


  • The primary standard of protecting patient's rights and assisting in guiding ethical healthcare practice
  • Purpose: Legal, Ethical, Administrative
• Documentation of Patient Education


  • The Comprehensive Health Planning Act in 1965 (Public Law89-97, 1965) requires hospitals to show evidence that patient education has been a part of patient care to qualify for reimbursement
  • JCAHO (formerly JCAH) has reinforced the federal mandate by requiring evidence (documentation) of patient and/or family education in the patient record
  • Includes identification of client and family educational readiness to learn, barriers to learning, who was taught, what was taught, what method of teaching, client's response
• Ethics

  Guiding principles of behavior
• Ethical

  Refers to norms and standards of behavior accepted by the society to which a person belongs
• Moral Values

  Refers to an internal belief system, what one believes is right
• Ethical Dilemmas


  Specific type of moral conflict in which two or more principles apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action
• Legal Rights and Duties


  Rule governing behavior or conduct that are enforceable by law under threat of punishment
• Practice Acts


  Documents that define a profession, describe that profession's scope of practice, and provide guidelines for state professional boards of nursing regarding standards for practice, entry
• ETHICAL DILEMMAS


  • Nurse must respect patient autonomy and individual patient responsibility when we encourage and support them in their self-management behavior but the ethical principle of the patient's right to self determination may clash with professional values that promote health and health achieved medical outcomes
• Legal Rights and Duties


  Refers to rule governing behavior or conduct that are enforceable by law under threat of punishment, such as a fine, imprisonment, or both
• Honor human dignity


  For example, in healthcare, this means listening to patients' concerns, involving them in decision-making about their care, and ensuring their privacy and confidentiality are respected at all times.
• Nurse-patient boundaries


  For instance, a nurse avoids sharing personal details or forming friendships with patients to uphold professionalism and ensure the patient's comfort and trust in the healthcare setting.
• Privacy and confidentiality


  For instance, healthcare providers ensure that patient medical records are kept secure and only accessed by authorized personnel. Additionally, conversations between healthcare professionals and patients are conducted in private spaces to maintain confidentiality and trust.
• Accountable for actions


  For example, in healthcare, if a nurse makes a mistake in administering medication, they take ownership of the error, report it promptly, and work to rectify any harm caused. This accountability helps maintain trust between healthcare providers and patients and ensures a commitment to delivering safe and effective care.
• Maintain competence, safety and integrity and

  personal growth


  For example, healthcare professionals regularly participate in training and professional development activities to stay updated on the latest practices and advancements in their field. They also adhere to safety protocols to ensure patient well-being and act with honesty and transparency in all interactions. This commitment to growth and integrity contributes to delivering high-quality care and fostering trust within the healthcare community.
• Deliver a high quality of care


  For example, healthcare professionals ensure accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment plans, and attentive follow-up care to optimize patient outcomes. They also prioritize communication, actively listening to patients' concerns and involving them in decision-making processes. By upholding standards of excellence and prioritizing patient well-being, healthcare providers contribute to delivering the highest quality of care possible.
• Contributes to advancement of his profession


  For instance, healthcare professionals may participate in research studies, share their expertise through teaching or mentoring, and actively contribute to professional organizations and committees.
• Participates in global efforts for health promotion and

  prevention


  For example, healthcare professionals may collaborate with international organizations to address widespread health challenges, such as infectious diseases, malnutrition, or access to healthcare in underserved communities. By working together across borders and disciplines, individuals can make a meaningful impact on global health outcomes and contribute to building healthier and more resilient communities worldwide.
• Involve in professional nursing organization

  For instance, nurses may join organizations like the American Nurses Association (ANA) or the International Council of Nurses (ICN), where they can access resources, engage in networking opportunities, and advocate for nursing-related issues. This involvement not only strengthens the profession but also empowers nurses to have a collective voice in shaping the future of healthcare.
• Autonomy


  For example, if a doctor recommends a certain medication for a patient's condition, they should explain the benefits and risks of taking it. The patient can then decide whether they want to follow the doctor's recommendation or explore other options. Ultimately, it's up to the patient to decide what's best for them based on their own values and preferences.
• Veracity


  For example, a doctor should be honest with a patient about their diagnosis, explaining it in clear terms and not withholding any important information. This allows the patient to fully understand their situation and participate in decisions about their treatment plan.