Demography and Population Studies: An Introduction

• The size and composition of populations according to diverse criteria: age, ethnicity, sec, union (marital or cohabiting) status, educational attainment, spatial distribution, and so forth;
• dynamic life-course processes that change this composition: birth, death, unions, migration, etc.; and
• relationships between population composition and change, and the broader social and physical environment in which they exist.
• What is Population?

  defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area.
• Population rely on the same resources, are subject to similar environmental constraints, and depend on the availability of other members to persist over time.
• What are the elements of demography?

  Birthrate (Crude birthrate), Total Fertility Rate (FTR), Death Rate (Crude Death Rate), Life Expectancy, Growth Rate
• Birthrate (Crude birthrate) - number of live births per 1000 population a given year
• Total Fertility Rate (FTR): average number of children born alive to any
• Death Rate (Crude Death Rate) - number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year.
• Life Expectancy - the median number of years a person can be expected to live under current mortality conditions.
• Growth Rate - the difference between birth rates and deaths, plus the difference between immigrants and emigrants.
• Immigrants - People who move to a new country for work or to escape persecution.
• Emigrants - people who leave their country of origin to live in another country.
• Demography is coined by Achille Guillardin 1855 on his book (Elements de Statistique Humaine ou Demographie Comparee)
• John Graunt's Natural and Political Observations Mentioned in a Following Index, and Made Upon the Bills of Mortality, published in 1662 in London.
• Demos means the people, the people of a city, the people of a state, the people of a country.
• Graphein means to write about a particular subject, in this instance, population.
• Demography is the “the mathematical knowledge of populations, their general movements, and their physical, civil, intellectual and moral state” - (Guillard 1855).
• What are the sources of Demographic Data?

  Census, Vital Statistics Report (VSR), Sample Surveys
• Census: a population count where the demographic, economic, and social data of every individual of a given time are collected, tabulated, compiled, and published.
• UN encouraged countries to enumerate their populations in a census, often providing financial as well as technical aid.
• The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) under Philippine Statistical Act of 2013 is in charge of conducting Census.
• Vital Statistics Report (VSR): a yearly report of events that deal with an individual's life from birth to death and those in between, e.g. marriage, annulments, adoptions, separations, and other events and changes in his/her status.
• Number and percent distribution of these events - by month of occurrence, age, sex, and region, province or city.
• Marriage statistics also include nationality of the bride and groom and type of wedding ceremony.
• Births, cover birth order and birth weight, attendance at birth, among others.
• List down causes of all deaths, including infant, fetal, and maternal deaths as well as attendant at death. It also includes some tables on deaths of children 10 years old and over, 15 years old and over, and later fetal deaths.
• In Vital Statistics Report the data are presented in table format and in charts and graphs. A list of unpublished tables is likewise included.
• Sample Surveys: conducted by private and public institutions to obtain data and information on matters not covered by the census or the vital statistics system.
• What is the purpose of Sample Surveys?

  May provide the social, psychological, economic, and even the physical data necessary to an understanding of why things are as they are.
• Composition of a Population - The number of people of each age group in a population.
• What are the two types of composition of a population?

  Age composition, Sex composition
• Age Composition: comparative percentage of individuals at different age levels influencing the economic and social structures of society.
• Sex Composition - differences which is determined by sex (proportion of males over females per 100 population) and is affected by births, deaths, and migration incidences.
• Tree of Ages: presents the age and sex characteristics of a population which can be used as prediction of its growth and decline.
• Enumerate the periods for the brief history of the Philippines?

  Hunter-gatherers, Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Redistribution through Migration (European Expansion), Redistribution through Migration ("South to North" migration), Urban Revolution
• Hunter-gatherers - human race was increasing very slightly
• Hunter-gatherers - Population was about 8 million around 8000 BC.
• Hunter-gatherers - Death rates were very high
• Hunter-gatherers - Life expectancies were rarely more than 30 years.