Section 4

• Top causes of death due to injuries include falls, road injuries, self-harm, and interpersonal violence.
• DALY rate for road injuries is 9.7 times higher in boys living in sub-Saharan Africa compared with high-income Asia Pacific.
• Suicide was the leading cause of death for children ages 10-14. 79% of global suicides in 2016 occured in low and middle income countries. While it is part of the injuries category, it is tied with mental illnes
• Intergenerational trauma occurs when when trauma experienced by one generation is passed down to other generations. Sociocultural model: children are influenced by the home environment they lived in. Psychological model: Child's brain development and ability to self-regulate, may by affected if their basic needs are not met. Physiological model: child is subjected to excess levels of stress, there are abnormal amounts of cortisol, dopamine, and serotonin, affecting brain development
• Epigenetic theory suggests that high levels of maternal stress can influence in-utero development and actually alter the function of some genes in the offspring.
• Indigenous people susceptible colonization, and ongoing battle of reconciliation, in addition to social, familial, and cultural factors impact suicide rates
• Protective factors include biological, psychological, family, or community level with a lower likelihood of problem outcomes.
• There is large stigma surrounding suicide: language being used to describe it, respect towards it, and advocacy towards it. These should be improved to help lower suicide rates
• Preventative measures for suicide include policy, media, access, stigma, and follow-up