CCIT 03: JAVA

• Java


  An object-oriented language tailored for general-purpose business applications and interactive, World Wide Web-based Internet applications
• Java

  • Conceived by Sun Microsystems
  • Later acquired by Oracle Corporation on January 27, 2010
• Origins and early development of Java

  1. Green Project initiated by James Gosling in 1991

  2. Green Project evolved into the development of the Oak programming language in 1992

  3. Project renamed from Oak to Java in 1995 due to trademark issues

  4. Official release of Java 1.0 occurred in January 1996

  5. Java quickly gained popularity and widespread adoption, leading to its standardization through the Java Community Process (JCP)
• Write Once, Run Anywhere


  Java compiles into platform-independent byte code, which is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on any platform
• Java


  • Everything is treated as an object, making it easily extendable and based on the Object model
  • Designed to be easy to learn, especially for those familiar with Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts
  • Secure features enable the development of virus-free and tamper-free systems, with authentication techniques based on public-key encryption
  • Compiler generates architecture-neutral object files, making the code executable on various processors
  • Highly portable due to its architecture-neutral nature and lack of implementation-dependent aspects
  • Emphasizes compile-time error checking to eliminate error-prone situations
  • Supports writing programs that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously, enabling the creation of interactive applications
  • Byte code is translated on-the-fly to native machine instructions, enhancing development speed and analysis
  • Utilizes Just-In-Time compilers for high performance
  • Designed for the distributed environment of the internet
  • More dynamic than languages like C or C++, adapting well to evolving environments
  • Supports automatic garbage collection, managing memory efficiently by freeing unused memory spaces
• Procedural Programming


  Derived from structured programming and revolves around calling procedures, which are a series of computational steps
• Procedural Programming

  • Follows a top-down approach, dividing programs into functions and treating them as separate entities
  • Less secure compared to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) due to the absence of data hiding mechanisms
  • Programs can become complex, especially when adding new data or functions
  • Programs are divided into small parts known as functions
  • Functions take precedence over data
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)


  Organizes software design around objects, which contain data in attributes and code in methods
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)


  • Follows a bottom-up approach, dividing programs into objects that interact with each other
  • Introduces access specifiers like private, public, and protected, enhancing security through data hiding
  • Programs are less complex due to modularity, allowing for easy creation of new data objects
  • Programs are divided into objects, each encapsulating data and methods
  • Data takes precedence over functions, focusing on modeling real-world entities
  • Provides inheritance, allowing classes to inherit characteristics from existing classes