IMC151- C1

• Access to Information


  The ability to connect to a particular database or network system and obtain information
• Information is powerful
• We need information to keep up with daily life
• We need information in decision-making
• Information itself has its value and importance
• Exercise: Gathering information about a trip to Penang


  1. Check transportation

  2. Check accommodations

  3. Check foods

  4. Check places to visit

  5. Check any other relevant information
• Chris Hardwick: 'We are not in Information Age anymore... We are in the Information Management Age.'
• Information


  • A clue
  • Something one did not know before
  • Useful in some way to the person receiving it
  • Can reduce uncertainty
  • Used in decision-making
• Characteristics of Information


  • Can be sold & bought (as a commodity)
  • Unlimited (too much information available)
  • Compressible (can be summarized for easier handling)
  • Shareable (can be shared and used by many people at the same time)
  • Expandable (can be elaborate whenever you want)
• Information Needs


  An information need arises when someone requires information to make a decision, solve a problem or gain a new knowledge about a topic
• Information Needs in Professional World

  • Relevant to their field of work
  • Relevant to their organization
  • Irrelevant to their field of work (needed for daily life)
• 28 September is International Day for Universal Access to Information, proclaimed by UNESCO
• Access to Information is an essential component in a democratic society
• 135 UN member states have adopted constitutional, statutory & policy for public access to information
• 11 countries have adopted Access to Information Laws
• The Concept Access to Information will NOT succeed if information is not being organized
• Significants of Access to Information


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• Organization of Information


  The activities of gathering information and bringing it together into similar group/groups
• Why we need to organize information

  • Understand - helps us make sense of many things in daily life
  • Save time - access information, things and services in a timely manner
  • Collocate - bring similar things or ideas together into groups
  • Retrieve - organize to retrieve information
• Organizing is a basic human drive
• Human learning is based upon the ability to analyze, organize, and retrieve data, information and knowledge
• Organizing helps us to recognize patterns, compare experiences, concepts and ideas
• Organize


  • To form into coherent unity or functioning; integrate
  • To arrange or order things so that they can be found or used easily or quickly
• Organization of information allows us to save copies of all kinds of works that result from human events (such as books, art works, film, tweets, government documents)
• Information Explosion vs Information Overload

  Too much information leads to the realization that information needs to be organized
• The purpose of the relation between organization of information and access to information

  • Speeds up access to information
  • Improves decision-making process
  • Improves the efficiency of activities in information agencies for user and organization
  • Increases user satisfaction
• Information Storage and Retrieval (ISR)

  The activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
• Features of ISR


  • It is interdisciplinary based on computer science, mathematics, library science, information science and technology, information architecture, cognitive psychology, linguistics, statistics and physics
• Components of ISR


  • Information Carrier
  • Descriptor
  • Document Address
  • Transmission of Information
• Functions of Information Retrieval

  • Acquisition
  • Content Analysis
  • Content Presentation
  • Creation of File/Store
  • Creation of Search Method
  • Dissemination
• Techniques of Information Retrieval

  • Traditional System (Catalog, Index, Abstract, Bibliography, Authority file)
  • Non-Traditional System (Semi-Automatic System, Automatic System)
• The main function of library and information agencies is to acquisition, organizing, preservation and dissemination of materials
• National Bibliographic Control (NBC)

  The same theory and concept as Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) but implemented only at the national level
• NBC

  • Involves collecting and cataloguing all materials in the country that have national value
  • Emphasizes planning of national library, documentation and archive infrastructure
  • Contributes to the nation's own library and information network
  • Builds up the national library and archival collections
  • Responsible within the nation for finding and recording material for the national library, information and archive system
• The existence of NBC is embedded in government policies, enactments, regulations and laws/acts
• National Bibliographic Agency (NBA)


  An organization formed within the national library's system or a country's library system to develop national bibliographic control at the national level
• NBA


  • Acts as the center for national depository and national publications
  • Acts as the national cataloging center
  • Acts as the national serial center
• In most countries, the NBA falls under the administration of the national library
• Main functions of NBA

  1. Collect items published in the country

  2. Prepare bibliographic records

  3. Produce and update national bibliography

  4. Develop and implement international and national standards

  5. Help exchange bibliographic records within countries
• The National Library of Malaysia (Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia - PNM) is appointed as the NBA