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• Virus Resistance


  • Genetically modified plants to resist certain viruses
• Virus Resistance


  • Hawaiian papaya is made resistant to the devastating effects of Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV)
• Fortification


  • The process of adding micronutrients to food. Fortified foods are those that have nutrients added to them that don't naturally occur in the food. These foods are meant to improve nutrition and add health benefits.
• Fortification

  • Golden rice, through biosynthesis genes to the rice, making the rice grains fortified with Vitamin A
• Cosmetic Preservation


  • The process of preventing discoloration on the superficial layer of a fruit or vegetable. Browning also contributions to food waste by causing unappealing bruising on perfectly edible apples.
• Cosmetic Preservation


  • Arctic Apple
• GMOs in Medical field

  • Genetic engineering is playing a significant role from diagnosis to treatment of Human-Dreaded diseases. It helps in the production of drug, Gene therapy, and laboratory research.
• Benefits of GMOs


  • Pest Resistance crops
  • Diseases Resistant crops
  • More Agricultural production
  • Mass production of drugs and vaccine
  • Lowering the price of food
  • Alleviating hunger and malnutrition
  • Increase in nutritional value
• Potential Risks of Genetically Modified Organisms

  • Genetic engineering promotes mutation in organisms which the long term effect is still unknown
  • More allergic reaction
  • Gene mutation
  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Nutritional value
• Potential Environmental risks caused by GMOs

  • Risks in gene flow
  • Emergence of new forms of resistance and secondary pests and weed problems
  • Recombinations of virus and bacteria to produce new pathogens
• Other Indirect Environmental Risks

  • Alteration of agriculture practices managing negative impacts of GMOs to the environment such as evolution of insects, pests and weeds that became resistant to GMOs crops
  • May have impacts to biodiversity caused by alteration to agricultural practices
  • May have varied environmental impacts due to GMOs interaction and release in the natural environment biochemical cycles
• Other Potential Risks that raise major concern

  • Human Genome Project (HGP)
  • Mutation of genetically engineered microorganisms
  • Cloning
• Biosafety


  The need to protect the environment and human health from the possible adverse effects of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products resulting from modern biotechnology
• CODEX ALIMENTARUS COMMISSION (CODEX)


  Develops international food standards, guidelines and codes of practice for an international food code that contribute to the safety, quality and fairness of food trade. International food standards setting body established by United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2003)

  In force since September 2003, was adopted as a complimentary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Protocol seeks to protect biological diversity by managing the movements of Live Modified Organism (LMO) resulting from the application of modern technology between countries. Establishes a procedure for prior informed agreement to ensure countries have the necessary information to make decisions about the importing of LMO into their territory.
• Information


  Knowledge communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or circumstance
• Information became effortlessly accessible through publications and through the management of information by computers and computer networks

  Last 20th century
• Information Age


  A period starting in the last 20th century where information became effortlessly accessible through publications and through the management of information by computers and computer networks
• James R. Messenger: 'The Information Age is a true new age based upon the interconnection of computers via telecommunications, with these information systems operating on both a real-time and as needed basis. Furthermore, the primary factors driving this new age forward are convenience and user-friendliness which, in turn, will create user dependence.'
• In the 1990s, information became the currency in the business world
• In the present generation, information has turned out to be a commodity, overdeveloped product, mass-produced
• Truths of the Information Age

  • Information must be complete
  • Newer is equated with truer
  • Selection is a viewpoint
  • The media sells what the culture buys
  • The early world gets the perm
  • You are what you eat and so is your brain
  • Anything in great demand will be counterfeited
  • Ideas are seen as controversial
  • Undead information walks ever on
  • Media presence creates story
  • The medium selects the message
  • The whole truth is a pursuit
• Computer


  An electronic device that stores and processes data (information) and runs on a program that contains the exact, step-by-step directions to solve a problem
• Microprocessor


  A computer processor where the data processing logic and control are included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs
• Hardware


  Any part of your computer that has a physical structure
• Software


  A set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks
• Different Types of Computers

  • Desktop Computers
  • Personal Computers
  • Laptops
  • Personal Digital Assistants
  • Servers
  • Mainframes
  • Wearable Computers
• Personal Computer (PC)


  A single-user instrument, first known as microcomputers, a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the enormous systems operated by most businesses
• Desktop Computers


  Personal computers that are not designed for portability, offer more storage, power, and versatility than their portable versions, mainly used at work, home, and school
• Laptops


  Portable computers that integrate the essentials of a desktop computer in a battery-powered package, somewhat larger than a typical hardcover book, commonly called notebooks
• Personal Digital Assistants


  Tightly integrated computers that usually have no keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user input, typically smaller than a paperback, lightweight, and battery powered
• Servers


  Computers that have been improved to provide network services to other computers, with powerful processors and tons of memory
• Mainframes


  Huge computer systems that can fill an entire room, used especially by large firms to describe the large, expensive machines that process millions of transactions every day
• Wearable Computers


  Materials that are usually integrated into cellphones, watches, and other small objects or places, perform common computer applications such as databases, email, multimedia, and schedulers
• Claude E. Shannon


  Father of Information Theory, his theory became the foundation for electronic communication networks, turned analog computers to digital computers with his method of applying mathematical logic called Boolean algebra as the circuit algorithms
• Internet


  A network of networks that carries a huge amount of information, doesn't have a central controller or isn't governed by a single person, processor, or institution
• Google


  A widely used search engine that gives answer by showing lists of data and information needed, accepts more than 200 million searches everyday, started as just a research project developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page in 1996 at Stanford University,
• Forms of communication


  • Electronic mail (Email)
  • Internet service providers (America Online and CompuServe)
  • Bill Gates - Microsoft
  • Steve Jobs - Apple
  • Mark Zuckerberg - Facebook
• Technological Divide


  A term that refers to the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology (ICT), and those that don't or have restricted access, factors such as low literacy and income levels, geographical restrictions, lack of motivation to use technology, lack of physical access to technology, and digital illiteracy contribute to the digital divide
• Pagerank


  trademark of google that made it more appealing

  than its other competitions because of the algorithm that

  sorts the searched data according to its weight.